Servite Monastery Erfurt

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The Servitenkloster Erfurt , also called Marienknechts- or Stephanskloster, was a branch of the Order of the Servites (Ordo Servorum Mariae, abbreviation: OSM, popularly called Marienknechte) in Erfurt ( Thuringia ). In the 15th century it was the largest Servite monastery in German-speaking countries. Many monks with university degrees emerged from it, who later became priors in other Servite monasteries or provincials in the German-speaking religious province. The monastery was built around or before 1309. After the death of the last monk in 1543, the city council of Erfurt took it in and its possessions were administered by council members.

location

Reconstructed city map of Erfurt at the beginning of the 14th century. The Servitenkloster Erfurt in front of the Krämpfertor outside the wall ring is numbered 83.

The Servite monastery stood in front of the Krämpfertor, for example at today's S-Bahn station Krämpfertor and in the parking lot behind it. Nothing remained of the monastery buildings above ground.

history

There are various information in the literature about the time when the Servites came to Erfurt, which differ between the years 1282 and 1321. According to the documents, the time when the monastery was founded can be narrowed down somewhat.

According to the Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis (quoted in Souliers Chartae monasterii Erfordiensis ), the church of the sack brothers in front of the Krämpfertor burned down in 1291 together with a third of the city of Erfurt, the Augustinian church, the Bartholomäuskirche and the monastery of the white women.

In 1309 the square or the former monastery of the sack brothers was transferred to the Servites by the electoral Mainz officials, the provost of the St. Martin virgin monastery and the cantor of the Severi monastery . Before it was first owned by the Cistercian Sisters of Bercha and then by the St. Martin's monastery . Since it is said that the nuns "moved" to the Brühl , it is obvious that they were previously settled in the area, for which there are no reliable sources.

The first document with a seal of the Erfurt convent is dated May 1, 1312. In this document a brother Fridericus is named as prior. In 1315, Archbishop Burchard of Magdeburg approved the Servites to collect alms , hear confession and preach. In 1316 Dietrich, titular bishop of Gabula , promised a 40-day indulgence to all who gave gifts to the new monastery. In this document the monastery is also called monasterium de Orto Sancte Marie prope muros Erfordenses .

In 1381, Archbishop Adolph von Mainz allowed several Servite monasteries, including the Erfurt Monastery, which preached the Sabbath and donated church sacraments, including funerals. In 1389 the legate of Pope Urban VI. , Philip from Alenconio, 100 days indulgence for the visitors of the Servite Church.

The Servite monastery was one of the poorer monasteries in Erfurt. In 1486 the convent had a total of 29 brothers, 16 of whom were absent. There were also eight clergy and two lay brothers and 10 prebends . The monastery had seven terminating districts. In the sacristy the following items were present: the silver head of St. Stephen, 5 pacificalia, 11 chalices, a silver cross, vestments , a silver turibulum and a silver monstrance . The monastery had seventy acres of forest.

The Weimar administrator, Friedrich von Kommerstedt, testified in 1498 that, according to a document from Landgrave Friedrich von Thuringia, the monastery of the Marienknechte owned a farm with 21 acres of land in Schwerstedt , of which only 16 were left. In 1534 the monastery still had a farm with a land area of ​​two acres in Büßleben .

Many of the Erfurt Servite monks acquired a university degree, some of them later became prior in one of the German Servite monasteries or provincial.

The last two monks of the monastery were the prior Nicolaus Brawer and the custodian Andreas Holzheim. In 1543, Prior Brawer gave the almost empty monastery to the city council; he died on March 4, 1543.

Properties of the monastery in 1485

Prior Johannes Pfennig created a register in 1485 in which he recorded all the possessions and income of the monastery. The monastery currently had 23 monks, the monastery owned eight tenement houses, two gardens, four large vineyards , over 12 acres of land, two meadows and two wooded areas. The inventory of the monastery included 51 complete regalia , some of which were interwoven with gold and silver thread and often decorated with pearls. The silver clips showed lion head and lindworm ornaments. There were 32 shawls, one of them with large silver clasps that carried the image of the crucified. The monastery also had 23 vestments, 22 albums , 13 choir skirts , 12 ostentatious stoles and 7 tunics. The shrine of Saint Stephen contained a stone that the Jews supposedly threw at it. A small wooden cross was set into the stone, supposedly made from the wood of the cross of Christ. There were also eleven chalices, two monstrances , a silver censer and a silver replica of the head of Saint Stephen. The library contained 305 titles, some of which, however, were bound together in a volume.

Re-use of the building

After the convent and its possessions had been handed over, the City Council of Erfurt placed it under the supervision of Brother Ioannes Kitzinger from the Order of Preachers in 1544 . In 1551 Hartmann Macke and Ludwig were administrators of the former monastery. In 1570 the Erfurt council members Hermann Worm and Bonaventura Padewitz were administrators of the monastery properties.

In 1618, the city council of Erfurt granted the Augustinians the former Servite monastery as a replacement for the Augustinian monastery that was closed in 1560 . The monks were evicted from the buildings in 1633. In the harsh winter of 1642/1643, the timber for the monastery buildings was used as firewood by the Swedish troops camped outside Erfurt and the buildings were destroyed. No remains have survived above ground.

Priorities

  • 1312, 1322: Friedrich, Prior
  • 1345: Arnold von Stolberg, Prior
  • 1353: Albert de Libinstete, prior
  • 1367: Volr. (Volrad), prior
  • 1441: Nicolaus Wissen, Prior
  • 1485 to 1486: Johannes Pfennig ( Denarii ), Prior
  • 1486 to 1489: Heinrich Wigand, Prior
  • 1496, 1498: Joannes Wandersleben, Prior
  • 1500, 1502ff .: Joannes Romstet
  • 1519: Joannes Wandersleben, Prior, Heinrich Voit, Subprior
  • 1531: Heinrich Voit, Prior, Nicolaus Bruwer, Procurator
  • 1540 to March 4, 1543 †: Niclas Brawer, Prior

literature

  • Karl Heinemeyer: The settlement of the mendicant orders in Erfurt in the 13th and early 14th centuries. In: Karl Heinemeyer, Anselm Hartinger (ed.): Barefoot in the Kingdom of Heaven Luther and the mendicant orders in Erfurt. Text volume and catalog for the exhibition in the Stadtmuseum, Erfurt 2017, pp. 72–79 (Serviten).
  • Augustino Morini, Peregrino Soulier: Chartae monasterii Erfordiensis Servorum Sanctae Mariae. Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3: 125–210, Brussels 1899. (hereinafter abbreviated Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, vol. 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Peregrino Soulier: De Antiquis Servorum Coenobiis in Germania. Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 1: 113–149, Brussels 1893.
  • Peregrino Soulier: Chartae monasterii Sanctae Mariae Ordinis Servorum sanctae Mariae Hallis in Saxonia. Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3: 141–233, Brussels 1902. (In the following abbreviated Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, vol. 3 with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Kirchhoff: The oldest wisdoms of the city of Erfurt on their position on the archbishopric of Mainz from the manuscripts, edited, explained and provided with detailed treatises A contribution to the constitutional and cultural history of the German cities. Publishing house of the bookstore of the orphanage, Halle (Saale), 1870
  2. ↑ Gerhard Ficker, Otto Clemen: Church history of the Middle Ages with the exclusion of Byzantine literature. Theological Annual Volume, 20: 345–491, Berlin, 1901, p. 404.
  3. ↑ Jörg Rogge: Handing down - conveying - applying: For dealing with knowledge stocks. 309 p., Berlin, Akademie Verl., 2008 preview at Google Books p. 53.
  4. ^ Robert Hermann: Directory of those in the Saxon-Ernestine, Schwarzburg and Reussian lands, as well as the K. Preuss. Circles Schleusingen and Schmalkalden there were founders, monasteries and religious houses that existed until the Reformation. Journal of the Association for Thuringian History and Antiquity, 8: 1–176 S. Jena, 1871 Online at Google Books , p. 100.
  5. ^ Frank Matthias Kammel: Art in Erfurt 1300-1360: Studies on sculpture and panel painting. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin, 2000 ISBN 3-931836-24-X Preview on Google Books
  6. ^ Johann Heinrich von Falckenstein: Thüringische Chronicka, or complete old, middle and new history of Thuringia. 2. Volume 2, part. Johann Wilhelm Ritschel, Erfurt 1738 Online at Google Books p. 1123
  7. ↑ a b Christoph Fasbender: Erfurt. In: Martin Schubert (Hrsg.): Places of writing in the German Middle Ages: scriptoria - works - patrons. , Pp. 119–149, de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, 2013 ISBN 978-3-11-021792-6 Snippets from Google Books , pp. 143/44
  8. ↑ Jakob Dominikus: Erfurt and the Erfurt area. According to geographical, physical, statistical, political and historical conditions. First part. Carl Wilhelm Ettinger, Gotha 1793, p. 309 online at Google Books
  9. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 132.
  10. ↑ a b Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 134.
  11. ↑ Alfred Overmann: Urkundenbuch Erfurt's founder and monasteries. Part 1 (706-1330). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Magdeburg 1926 Document No. 930, p. 523/24.
  12. ↑ a b Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 135.
  13. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 137.
  14. ↑ Overmann, Document Book of the Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Document No. 1029, p. 572.
  15. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 168.
  16. ^ Waldemar Küther, Hans Goller (employee): Vacha and his Servite monastery in the Middle Ages. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1971, p. 220.
  17. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 128.
  18. ↑ a b Theodor Th. Neubauer: Luther's early days - his university and monastery years: the basis of his spiritual development. Yearbooks of the Academy of Charitable Sciences in Erfurt, New Series, 43: 1–146, Erfurt, 1917 Online at UrMEL
  19. ↑ a b Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 194.
  20. ^ Wilhelm Johann Albert Freiherr von Tettau: Historical representation of the area of ​​the city of Erfurt and the possessions of the foundations there. In: Mittheilungen des Verein für die Geschichte und Alterthumskunde von Erfurt, 13: 1–259, Erfurt 1887, p. 223 Online at Thuringian University and State Library Jena (ThULB)
  21. ↑ Ludwig Rommel: Manorial and rural conditions in the area of ​​the city of Erfurt at the beginning of the 16th century. Yearbook for Economic History, 21 (2): 159–180, 1980 doi : 10.1524 / jbwg.1980.21.2.159 p. 169.
  22. ↑ a b c Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 129.
  23. ↑ a b Jun Matsuura: Erfurt Annotations 1509-1510 / 11. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar & Vienna, 2009 preview at Google Books , p. XXXIII.
  24. ^ Johann Chr. Hermann Weissenborn: Hierana. Contributions to the history of the Erfurt academic school system. I. Division. Carl Villaret, Erfurt, 1862 Online at Google Books p. 62 (in footnote 48)
  25. ^ Johann Georg Leuckfeld: M. Heinrich Meybaums, Sen. Chronicon Des Jungfräulichen Closters Marien-Berg Vor Helmstedt ... Johann Michael Teubner, Halberstadt / Leipzig 1723, p. 119 Online at Google Books
  26. ^ Ernst Günther Förstemann: Friedrich Christian Lesser's historical news of the formerly imperial and the holy. Roman Empire free city of Nordhausen printed there in 1740, revised and continued. Friedrich Eberhardt, Nordhausen 1860, p. 161 Online at Google Books
  27. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 157.
  28. ^ Archive portal Thuringia: Johannes, Prior and Provincial of the Servites, declares that Cunr. (from) Trebre, prior of the Himmelgarten monastery, and Heinr. (von) Osterade, Prior in Oßmannstedt (Aczmestete) have transferred the parish of St. Petri in Oßmannstedt (Aczmestete) to the Servite Joh. (von) Azmistete. Date required 1359 in the Felicis et Audacti.
  29. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 183.
  30. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 133.
  31. ^ Arcangelo Giani, Luigi Maria Garbi: Annalium Sacri Ordinis Fratrum Servorum B. Mariae Virginis A suae Institutionis exordio ...., Volume 1. Typis Marescandoli, Lucca, 1719 Online at Google Books
  32. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 3, p. 200.
  33. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 5.
  34. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 7.
  35. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 9.
  36. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 11.
  37. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 12.
  38. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 19.
  39. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 20.
  40. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 4, p. 22.

Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 43.9 ″  N , 11 ° 2 ′ 16.5 ″  E