Servite monastery Hasselfelde

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The Servitenkloster Hasselfelde , also Kloster Paradies ( de paradiso ) was a branch of the mendicant order of the Servites (Ordo Servorum Mariae: OSM, popularly also known as Marienknechte ) in Hasselfelde , today a district of the town of Oberharz am Brocken in the Harz district (Saxony-Anhalt). The monastery was founded in 1277 and abandoned until around 1298. Most of the monks probably moved to the newly founded Himmelgarten Monastery .

location

According to Horst Gevaert, the Servite monastery was located in the southern part of the old town of Hasselfelde. The property bordered the city wall in the south, and Salzmarktstrasse in the north and west; it was roughly at Salzmarktstrasse 36/37. However, the course of Salzmarktstrasse has changed somewhat in this area. This part of Salzmarktstrasse was still called Mönchengasse on the 1794 city map. Today's Mönchengasse is the continuation of Salzmarktstraße to the east.

history

The Ordo Servorum Mariae (Order of the Servites, or popularly Marienknechte) was founded in Florence ( Tuscany ) in 1233 by seven merchants who had withdrawn to a monastic life . In 1241 the first monastery of the new order was built. For Tuscany they received recognition from the papal legate in 1249. The new community was allowed to accept novices. As a special donation, they received permission to release excommunicated followers from the ban if they would join the community of the Servi S. Mariae . Another papal confirmation was given in 1256 by Pope Alexander IV.

The Servites first settled in Germany in 1272 in Cologne. At the Council of Lyon in 1274 it was decided that all orders that were not finally confirmed after 1215 should be abolished (in order to stem the flood of new orders), and new members could no longer be accepted. In a report written by three papal legal scholars in 1277, however, it was determined that the Servite order was not affected by this ban. During this uncertain time between the council and the papal report, some Servites also traveled through Germany. It is very likely that they also came into contact with Count Heinrich von Regenstein, who was then banned by Halberstadt Bishop Volrad .

Foundation of the monastery

Count Heinrich von Regenstein gave the Servites the monastery site in the old town of Hasselfelde well before April 1277, perhaps as early as 1276. The donation is probably related to the ban on the church that the Halberstadt bishop had imposed on him, and the count probably hoped that this donation would release him from the ban.

In the same year (1277), Count Heinrich also gave the new Servite convent in Hasselfelde 2½ Hufen in Klein-Wulferstedt (deserted south-west of Wulferstedt ), which the brothers from the Josaphat valley ( Monastery of S. Maria in the Josaphat valley ) previously held and gave up again had.

In a bull of April 5, 1277, Pope John XXI confirmed . the terras et possessiones sitas in antiquo Hasselvelde and thus followed the advice of the three papal legal scholars. The farm in Klein-Wulferstedt is not mentioned in this document, the donation was probably made later. In the papal charter the branch in Hasselfelde domus seruorum s. Called Marie de Paradiso . The Hasselfelde monastery was the first Servite monastery in Germany to receive papal recognition, but it only existed for about 20 years. On his third trip to Germany, the Prior General of the Servites, Philipp Benizi, also visited the Hasselfelder monastery in 1278 to strengthen his brothers there .

The monastery probably had 7½ Hufen and five meadows of land. Possibly a pond belonged to it, which was later called the Stobenteich and is now filled. References to these earlier Servite possessions are field names near Hasselfelde such as Klosterweg, Heilige Äcker and Am Paradies.

Amazingly, this first Servite monastery in Germany is not mentioned in the summarizing work by Karl Suso Frank, but is subsumed under Himmelgarten Monastery according to the year it was founded.

Construction of the Himmelgarten monastery

On June 4, 1295, Propst Elger from the Stift zum Heiligen Kreuz in Nordhausen had the desolate chapel of the Servite Monastery ( de Paradiso ) in Hasselfelde, out of a pious mind and because the Servite Order had only a few monasteries in this province at that time and left the desert town of Rossungen east of Nordhausen to build a new monastery there. The Servites also received all rights over Rossungen with the exception of the rights to fields and income of the pastor of Bielen . Bielen was the mother church of Rossungen. On October 4, 1295, Prior Th. (Eoderich) and the convent of Hasselfelde Monastery ( prior et Conuentus seruorum sancte Marie ordinis sancti Augustini de paradiso ) confirmed the donation. The construction of the monastery cannot therefore be expected to begin before 1296.

As early as February 14, 1295 ( Actum die S. Valentini Martir ), Bertha von Trebra, with the consent of her son Henning and her daughters Gerdrudis and Berchte, gave half of her farm in Bielen to the Kloster vom Paradies (= Hasselfelde).

In a document from the 1290s that cannot be precisely dated (date damaged), Archbishop Gerhard von Mainz granted alms to the brothers of Paradise ( de paradiso ) or who made a donation an indulgence of 40 days. The approval of this indulgence is certainly related to the foundation and construction of the new Himmelgarten monastery; the document can thus be dated to 1296. From 1297 the new monastery was already called Himmelgarten or with the old name Rossungen. The convent stayed in the new monastery from 1297.

On March 24, 1298, the Archbishop Burchard II of Magdeburg and the Bishops Hermann von Halberstadt, Albrecht III. von Meissen, Bruno von Naumburg, Heinrich von Merseburg, Volrad von Brandenburg and Johann von Havelberg a further forty-day indulgence for all believers who visit the new monastery on certain feast days ( novella plantatio monasterii servorum sancte Marie ordinis S. Augustini in loco, qui dicitur Rossungen ) visit, listen to the sermon there on certain days, make a donation to the monastery or be buried in the monastery. This assumes that at least part of the church has already been completed and consecrated, as has the cemetery around the church.

Abandonment of the monastery in Hasselfelde

In the years 1297/1298 the monastery in Hasselfelde was given up, and most of the monastery probably moved to the newly founded Himmelgarten monastery. The last prior of Hasselfelder Theoderich / Dietrich was also the first prior in the new Himmelgarten monastery. The reasons for the abandonment of the monastery in Hasselfelde are not known. The monastery could have continued to run despite the new foundation in Himmelgarten. The Servites resigned the donations, and in 1305 Count Heinrich von Blankenburg and his son of the same name sold the buildings of the abandoned monastery in the city of Hasselfelde and all rights to the Allodium to the Ilfeld Monastery for 52½ Marks of silver .

Around / after 1297, however, the Servitenkloster Halberstadt was founded . Due to the close succession of the two new Servites founding monasteries, some authors (e.g. Bode, Gevaert) assumed that some of the Hasselfelder monks might have moved to Halberstadt and founded the Servite monastery there. The Servite Monastery in Halle was also built during this period (1296/1303).

prior

So far, only one prior named Theoderich / Dietrich could be identified from the documents. He was also the one who arranged for the convent to move to Himmelgarten and who also became first prior there.

literature

  • Georg Bode: The monastery of the Marienknechte from Paradise to Hasselfelde. Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity, 4: 420-421, Wernigerode 1871 (with the original wording of the papal document of April 5, 1277) Online at Google Books
  • Horst Gaevert: mendicant monks in Hasselfelde. Harz-Zeitschrift, 2011: 91–124, 2011. Almost complete snippet view in Google Books
  • Karl Meyer: Documented history of the Augustiner Marienknecht monastery Himmelgarten. Eberhardt, Nordhausen, 1892 (hereinafter abbreviated, Meyer, documentary history with corresponding page number)
  • Richard Rackwitz: Documents of the Servite Monastery in Himmelgarten near Nordhausen. First part: documents up to the middle of the 14th century. Realschule first order in Nordhausen program, Nordhausen, 1881, C. Kirchner, Nordhausen 1881 (in the following abbreviated to Rackwitz, documents, 1st part with corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Gustav Schmidt : Document book of the city of Halberstadt. First part. Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle, 1878 (historical sources of the province of Saxony and neighboring areas, 7th volume) (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, volume 1 with the corresponding page number and certificate number).
  • Peregrino Soulier: De Antiquis Servorum Coenobiis in Germania. Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 1: 113–149, Brussels, 1893
  • Gregor Maria Zinkl: The Servite monasteries in Germany before the Reformation. Der Katholik, Journal for Catholic Science and Church Life, 4th episode, 10 (8): 86-101, Mainz 1912 PDF (hereinafter abbreviated to Zinkl, Servitenkloster with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schmidt, deed book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 126/27, document number 147. Online at archive.org
  2. ^ Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 127, document number 148. Online at archive.org
  3. ^ Karl Suso Frank: The Servites. In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier, Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (Hrsg.): Orders and monasteries in the age of Reformation and Catholic reform 1500-1700 Volume I. , S. 161-172, Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2005 ISBN 3-402-02986-3
  4. ↑ Rackwitz, documents, 1st part, p. 1, document number I (= 1).
  5. ↑ Rackwitz, Urkunden, Part 1, pp. 2/3, Document No. II (= 2).
  6. ↑ Rackwitz, documents, 1st part, p. 3/4, document number III (= 3).
  7. ^ Meyer, Urkundliche Geschichte, p. 10.
  8. ↑ Rackwitz, documents, 1st part, pp. 9/10, document number VIII (= 8).

annotation

  1. ^ Rackwitz erroneously dissolved the date as November 4, 1295; see. on the other hand, Förstemann

Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 21.9 ″  N , 10 ° 51 ′ 20.9 ″  E