Seyal acacia
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Seyal acacia ( Vachellia seyal ) |
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| Vachellia seyal | ||||||||||||
| ( Delile ) PJHHurter |
The Seyal acacia ( Vachellia seyal (Delile) PJHHurter , Syn . : Acacia seyal Delile , Acacia stenocarpa Hochst. Ex A.Rich. , Acacia flava var. Seyal (Del.) Roberty ) is a species of the genus Vachellia in the subfamily the mimosa family (Mimosoideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Seyal acacia grows as a drought and fire resistant, andromonözischer , semi-evergreen , thorny and richly branched tree and reaches heights of growth of 6 to 12 (16) m. It has a (light, whitish) greenish or orange-reddish bark that is very often finely covered with yellow or reddish, powdery lichen .
Stalked, alternate or whorled arranged, at the base of 3-10 cm long, double pinnate leaves is gray light brown-a pair, to 8.5 cm long, generally straight and pointed Nebenblatt thorns . The thorns are also solitary or in pairs on the trunk and branches. There may be swollen ant galls at the base of the thorns. The small, oblong to elliptical, rundspitzig to rounded, almost seated pinna leaflet are mm long and up to 1.5-2 mm wide to about 8-10. At the base of the stalk and the rachis at the top two pinnacles, glands (extra-floral nectaries ) may be present.
Generative characteristics
The intensely yellow, mostly hermaphrodite or male, five-fold flowers with a double inflorescence are compact in round, stalked flower clusters (dense compound cyme; glomerule) of about 1.5 cm in diameter in racicle-like, panicle (fascicle) inflorescences with up to eight clusters . The inflorescence stems sit at different heights Two small, ring-shaped deformed bracts .
There are many (40-50) arranged in tufts, and long protruding in the individual flowers stamens with fädlichen yellowish filaments and small, yellow anthers and a long, somewhat shorter punch small, capitate scar present. The elongated, upper ovary has a short stalk.
The orange-brown, flattened, often rounded, sickle-shaped, glabrous and leathery legumes are 7–20 cm long and 0.5–0.9 cm wide, with constrictions between the individual seeds. There are 6–10, flattened and elliptical, approximately 5–7 x 3–4 mm large and approximately 2 mm thick, brown seeds. The thousand grain mass is around 40–70 g. The seeds are said to germinate faster if the seed coat is damaged by fire, but this could not be confirmed by another source or only with deeper buried seeds. A strong vibration also triggers the effect of faster germination, here you have to shoot the seeds with a “seed gun” against a concrete wall. A scarification with acids or hot water causes a faster germination.
The legumes and the bark contain a lot of tannin .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 104.
Varieties
A distinction is made between two varieties, they differ in the different thorns and the color of the bark, as well as the area of distribution.
- Vachellia seyal var. Seyal (Delile) PJHHurter : drier locations
- Vachellia seyal var. Fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr. : wetter locations, East Africa; Sudan to Mozambique , Uganda
Occurrence
The Seyal acacia is widespread from Egypt to Mozambique and west to Senegal , as well as in Israel, Saudi Arabia, Yemen , Iran and Syria . In the Sahel zone it is often found in humid lowlands .
use
Along with other mimosa plants, it is a supplier of gum arabic , a natural polysaccharide that drips out and solidifies when the bark is scratched. However, the quality is worse than other types of gum arabic because it contains tannins.
The wood is used as firewood, giving off a pleasant scent and it is also processed into charcoal . The smoke that is produced when the wood is burned acts as a fumigant against insects and lice . The wood is also known as "Shittim" it was in ancient times for pharaohs coffins used. It is also mentioned in the Bible that it is said to be one of the woods that is said to have been used to build Noah's Ark .
The bark can be used for dyeing red or for braiding ropes. Leaves, fruits and flowers are much sought-after forage. The root system makes the Seyal acacia a good soil stabilizer. The thorny branches can be braided into fences.
literature
- Michel Arbonnier: Trees, Shrubs and Lianas of West African Dry Zones. CIRAD et al., 2004, ISBN 2-87614-579-0 , p. 376.
Web links
- Acacia seyal. In: Seed Leaflet. No. 34, 2000 (PDF file; 128 kB), from Danida Forest Seed Center (DFSC), accessed on January 28, 2018.
- Acacia seyal . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
- Vachellia seyal at Useful Tropical Plants, accessed January 28, 2018.
- Acacia seyal on worldagroforestry.org, accessed January 28, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ James A. Duke: Handbook of Legumes. Plenum Press, 1981, ISBN 978-1-4684-8153-2 , p. 14.
- ^ Otto Karl Berg , CF Schmidt: Presentation and description of all officinal plants listed in the Pharmacopaea Borussica. First volume, Forstner, 1858, T. VI d., Limited preview in the Google book search.
- ^ The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees. CABI, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78064-236-9 , p. 28 f.
- ↑ Acacia seyal. In: Seed Leaflet.
- ^ Journal of the College of Science. King Saud University, Vol 15, No. 2, 1984, p. 414.
- ↑ Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin: Seeds. Academic Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-12-416677-6 , pp. 151, 154, 175, 554, 556.
- ↑ a b Firewood Crops. Vol. 1, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC 1980, p. 104.
- ^ Acacia seyal at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Acacia in the Flora of Pakistan.
- ^ Frances EM Booth, GE Wickens: Non-timber Uses of Selected Arid Zone Trees and Shrubs in Africa. FAO, 1988, 1993, ISBN 92-5-102745-5 , p. 8.
- ↑ Geoffrey W. Bromiley: The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Volume One: A – D , Rev. Edition, Eerdmans Pub., 1979, ISBN 0-8028-3781-6 , p. 22.