Shenyang J-11

This article covers the modern Shenyang J-11 fighter aircraft. For the historical test aircraft J 11, see Junkers J 11 .

Shenyang J-11
A Jian-11 at a flight demonstration, 2007
Type:	Air superiority fighter
Design country:	People's Republic of China
Manufacturer:	Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
First flight:	1998
Commissioning:	1998
Production time:	In series production since 1998
Number of pieces:	253+ (2014)

The Shenyang J-11 or Jian-11; 歼 -11 ( NATO code name : “Flanker-B +” ) is a single-seat twin- engine fighter of the Air Force of the People's Republic of China , which is used as an air superiority fighter. It was originally a license version of the Russian Su-27SK , but the newer J-11B has been completely redeveloped.

In 1995, China secured license rights to build 200 Su-27SK fighters for US $ 2.5 billion. The license agreement contained the condition that the machines must be equipped with Russian avionics , radar and engines , which should also be produced in Russia. Russia supplied enough system components for 95 aircraft when the development of a domestic version, the J-11B, became known in 2004. This triggered a legal dispute between the two states, as Russia saw in its own development a breach of the agreements. China, on the other hand, took the view that the system components supplied by Russia no longer met the requirements of the PLAAF, since modern missiles are said to have been incompatible with J-11 and therefore an in-house development was necessary. Presumably, Russia then terminated the license agreement in 2006. According to Chinese information, 90% of the J-11B has been redeveloped.

The designation "J-11" was used for a fighter aircraft in the 1970s. This was a planned license version of the MiG-19 , which should be equipped with British Rolls-Royce-Spey-512 engines . The project was never realized, however, the MiG-19 was ultimately produced in China under the designation J-6.

history

The origins of the J-11 go back to 1995 when China acquired the license rights for the Su-27SK. The agreement includes the production of a total of 200 fighters, with the provision that the avionics, radar and engines would be produced in Russia. The airframe, on the other hand, was made in China, where the final production took place. These machines were named J-11 and Jian-11. These machines represented a significant advance for the Chinese Air Force (PLAAF) , as at that time a large part of the fighter squadrons were still equipped with the outdated J-7 and J-8 machines.

In 2004, Russia suddenly stopped co-production with Shenyang after 95 aircraft were made. The reason for this turned out to be that the PLAAF had started developing its own variant of the Jian-11, the J-11B, in 2002. This represented a breach of the licensing agreements, which China justified with the fact that the avionics and radar are said to be out of date. Chinese anti-ship missiles and PL-12 air-to-air missiles were attached to a mock-up of the J-11B presented by the PLAAF . It is therefore assumed that the J-11B has a stronger multi-role design or that it may also be intended for maritime use. The breach of the license agreement will probably lead to termination of the contract by Russia.

After the contract was terminated, the PLAAF decided to modernize the 95 hunting machines produced. As with the J-11B, the avionics and radar are to be replaced by domestic models. At the same time, the search for alternative manufacturing processes to optimize materials in order to increase the service life of the airframes began. The modernized machines are called J-11A.

For the future, the replacement of the AL-31 engines with the local WS-10 Taihang turbofan engine is planned. At the 2002 Zhuhai Airshow, a photo was released by the PLAAF that allegedly shows a Jian-11 modified for flight testing of a WS-10A. Andrei Chang, a military analyst for China, reported that both the J-11A and the J-11B will be equipped with the WS-10A engine. On the other hand, there are Russian media reports that China is interested in buying Saturn 117S and AL-31F-M1 engines.

As in the field of engines, there have been increasing reports from Russia since 2002 that China is dissatisfied with the performance of the NIIP-N001 radar and would like to replace it with an in-house development. It was not until 2007, when China officially confirmed the existence of the J-11B, that it was also known that it was equipped with a fire control radar of the Type 147X / KLJ-X family. In addition to the politically motivated conversion of the system components from local production in order to build an independent arms industry, the new radar was also necessary for the use of the PL-12 long-range air-to-air missile.

In the spring of 2011, the Chinese Air Force had around 120 J-11s, with the purchase of 90 more planes.

variants

J-11

Initial version of the Chinese license version of the Su-27SK . Equipped with the N001V radar including TS101M processors, it can fight one target and pursue ten others at the same time.

J-11A

Modernized variant of the initial version. This includes the improvement of the N001V radar to the N001VE standard. For this purpose, a series of BCVM-486-6 processors were installed, which now enable the radar to fight two targets simultaneously. The flight instruments were also improved as part of the modernization, with a new helmet visor being used for the first time. The EFIS replaces the previous analogue numeric displays, for which four new multifunction displays (MFD) were installed in the cockpit.

J-11B

Completely new development of the J-11 as a multi -role fighter aircraft from Chinese production. In order to enable the use of new guided missiles , the avionics were newly developed, an infrared target system was installed (which is said to be a copy of the Russian OEPS-27) and a radar of the type 147X / KLJ-X was installed. Numerous changes were made to the airframe to reduce the radar cross-section and the weight of the machines. The use of composite materials means that the J-11B is said to be approximately 700 kg lighter. According to the PLAAF, 90% of the J-11B has been newly developed, which also claims that the performance of the machine is comparable to that of the Eurofighter Typhoon , the F-15SE Silent Eagle and the Su-35S Flanker-E . The use of a previously unknown AESA radar is planned for later production series .

J-11BS

A two-seat variant of the J-11B currently in development.

J-11BH

Navy version of the J-11B.

J-11WS

Alternative name for the J-11B.

J-11D

A further development of the J-11B with new AESA radar and PL-10 and PL-15 air-to-air missiles.

Technical specifications

Parameter	Data of the J-11
crew	1
length	21.94 m
span	14.70 m
height	5.92 m
Wing area	62.04 m²
Wing loading	371 kg / m²
Empty mass	16,380 kg
normal takeoff mass	23,926 kg
Max. Takeoff mass	approx. 33,000 kg
Top speed	Mach 2.35 (at optimal altitude)
Service ceiling	18,500 m
Range	3,530 km
Engines	two Saturn AL-31 F turbofan engines
Thrust	without afterburner: 2 × 75.22 kN with afterburner: 2 × 122.58 kN
Thrust-to-weight ratio	1.07

1. ↑ ^{a b} Specification was calculated for normal takeoff mass.

Armament

Fixed armament in the bow

• 1 x 30 mm automatic cannon GRYAZEV-SHIPUNOV GSH-301 (9A-4071K) with 150 rounds of ammunition

Gun load of 6,000 kg at ten suspension points

Air-to-air guided missile

• 6 × start rails for one CATIC PL-12 each - actively radar-guided for medium- haul routes
• 4 × start rails for one PL-10 each - infrared controlled for short distances
• 4 × start rails for one EOTDC PL-9 each - infrared controlled for short distances
• 4 × start rails for one CATIC PL-8 each - infrared controlled for short distances
• 6 × AKU / APU-470 start rails for one GosMKB Wympel R-27R (AA-10 "Alamo-A") each - semi-active radar-guided for medium -haul routes
• 6 × AKU / APU-470 start rails for one GosMKB Wympel R-27T (AA-10 "Alamo-B") each - infrared-controlled for medium -haul routes
• 4 × P-12-1-D start rails for one GosMKB Wympel R-73E / EL (AA-11 "Archer") each - infrared controlled for short distances

Unguided air-to-surface missiles

• 4 × B-8-O rocket tube launch containers for 20 × unguided S-8 air-to-ground missiles each ; Caliber 80 mm

Web links

Commons : Shenyang J-11  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance 2014, pp. 235–236
2. ↑ ^{a b} China copies Su-27 fighter, may compete with Russia paper. RIA Novosti, February 21, 2008, accessed December 26, 2011 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Chinese Aircraft - J-11 (Sukhoi Su-27). Global Security, July 11, 2011, accessed December 26, 2011 . 
4. ↑ Russia Admits China Illegally Copied Its Fighter. (No longer available online.) DefenseNews, formerly in the original ; accessed on December 26, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
5. ^ The Amr Regional Air Force Directory 2011 - Asian Military Review. (No longer available online.) Adam Baddeley, archived from the original on September 28, 2011 ; accessed on December 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ ^{a b} Jian-11 Multirole Fighter Aircraft. (No longer available online.) Sino Defense, February 20, 2009, archived from the original on January 12, 2012 ; accessed on December 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ J-11D Daegel . Retrieved May 24, 2015. (English) .
8. ↑ The J-11D Surprise: China Upgrades Russian Flanker Fighters On Its Own Popular Science . Accessed on 24 May 2018. (English) .
9. ^ Jefim Gordon : Soviet / Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Midland Publishing, 2004, p. 45.