Japanese star anise
| Japanese star anise | ||||||||||||
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Japanese star anise ( Illicium anisatum ), illustration |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Illicium anisatum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Japanese star anise or the shikimi fruit ( Illicium anisatum , Syn . : Illicium religiosum and Illicium japonicum ; from jap. シ キ ミ / 樒 / 櫁 / 梻 , shikimi ) is a poisonous fruit that is closely related to the real star anise ( Illicium verum ), known for millennia spice plant.
Because of the similar appearance of the fruits, there is often a mix-up or mix-up between the spice and the poisonous fruit. Due to the lack of characteristic fruit stalks and the transfer of the essential aniseed oils to the poisonous plant, it is not easy to find out when mixed with star anise and can only be determined using the myristicin content, which is only contained in the shikimi fruit. The fruits contain a high concentration of shikimic acid , which is named after these fruits.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence
The Japanese star anise is originally found in southern Korea and from Japan to Taiwan.
Poisons and toxic effects
Japanese star anise contains shikamin, shikimic acid, shikimipicrin and the neurotoxic alkaloids shikimin and shikimotoxin. The symptoms of poisoning occur after drinking of Japanese star anise, however, the sesquiterpene lactone anisatin , the non-competitive as a strong GABA receptor - antagonist causes cramps returned. Anisatin is similar in its effect to the highly toxic picrotoxin , but is even more toxic, making it one of the strongest known herbal poisons. Symptoms of this poisoning include vomiting, visual disturbances, and serious damage to the kidneys, urinary tract, digestive system, and nervous system.
Individual evidence
- ^ Illicium anisatum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Illicium anisatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed May 31, 2018.
- ↑ Entry on star anise. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 13, 2014.
literature
- JF Eykman: The Botanical Relations of Illicium Religiosum, Sieb., Illicium Anisatum, Lour. In: American Journal of Pharmacy . tape 53 , no. 8 , 1881, p. 407 ( henriettes-herb.com ).
