Siegmund Imanuel

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Siegmund Imanuel , until 1809 Salomon Jacob Imanuel , also Siegmund Immanuel , (born September 2, 1790 in Hamburg , † December 23, 1847 in Minden ) was a German high school teacher . As the head of the Mindener Gymnasium, he implemented effective national innovations.

Life

Siegmund Imanuel was born in Hamburg as the son of the spice dealer Jacob Moses Emanuel and his wife Liebe, née Beit. He initially received private lessons and was then able to visit the Christianeum in Altona thanks to the support of his grandfather Marcus Salomon Beit . At the time, this was the only nearby grammar school that accepted children of the Jewish faith and where Emanuel took the Prima. In 1803 he moved to the Johanneum School of Academics , which had also been teaching Jews since Johann Gottfried Gurlitt took office the year before . Since, as a Jew, he was only able to study medicine after graduating from school, he initially strived for this, but also attended an advanced course in ancient languages ​​offered by Gurlitt at the Christianeum. In this class he made the acquaintance of Karl August Varnhagen von Ense . He finished school in 1809. After completing school, he converted, probably at Gurlitt's suggestion, like his classmate August Neander to the Lutheran faith and was baptized in Sankt Katharinen . At the same time he changed his name to Siegmund Imanuel.

Imanuel then studied philology at the University of Göttingen and Leipzig , where he received his doctorate in 1813 , who was also financially supported by his godfather Gurlitt . Since he did not find the teaching position he had hoped for in Hamburg, he taught at a grammar school in Hirschberg from 1814 . Because of his achievements he was repeatedly offered apprenticeship positions in Silesia, which he turned down. Imanuel said in a letter to Gurlitt that he was drawn “with power to the Nordic fatherland”. In 1822 he therefore moved to the grammar school in Minden as director . He organized the administration of the educational institution along the lines of his godfather and established a systematic directory of students. As was customary at the time, he published printed school news and school programs for further training of the teachers and encouraged the students to practice exams and declamations in public events .

Against restorative tendencies, Imanuel stuck to Humboldt's educational ideal from 1820 onwards . For economic reasons he introduced real classes at his school as the first grammar school in Westphalia in 1838, thus establishing both the later school form of the real grammar school and that of the modern humanistic grammar school. As the first head of a Prussian high school, he made school sport a subject in 1831 - an example that was later followed by numerous similar educational institutions. By preferring source-based work to pure "fact-lifting", he also fundamentally reformed history teaching. The doctor Abraham Jacobi is one of his students .

Siegmund Imanuel, who wrote several poems under the palindrome "Leunami", died unmarried in 1847 in Minden. Immanuelstrasse in Minden has been a reminder of him since 1880 .

literature

  • Arno Herzig : Imanuel, Siegmund . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 1 . Christians, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7672-1364-8 , pp. 147 .
  • Richard Hoche:  Imanuel, Siegmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 36 f.
  • Marianne Nordsiek: Siegmund Imanuel (1790–1847) and the reorganization of the Minden grammar school. In: Ratsgymnasium Minden (Hrsg.): Land and people serve. Minden 1980, pp. 103-121.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The spelling Imanuel entered in the birth register was also used by himself; Immanuel appears on the tombstone . (Nordsiek 1980; pp. 104, 118, 120).
  2. ↑ In a Minden personal file, the date of birth is given as September 4, 1791, in the literature the date September 4, 1792 prevails. In the birth register of the Jewish community and in the baptismal register of St. Katharinenkirche in Hamburg, the date September 2, 1790 is mentioned, which Nordsiek prefers. (Nordsiek 1980, pp. 103-104).
  3. ↑ Nordsiek 1980, p. 113.
  4. ↑ Nordsiek 1980, p. 116
  5. ↑ Renamed Ludendorffstrasse from 1938 to 1945 . (Nordsiek 1980, p. 116):
personal data
SURNAME Imanuel, Siegmund
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Imanuel, Salomon Jacob; Immanuel, Siegmund
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German high school teacher
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1790
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH December 23, 1847
Place of death Minden