Simazine
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Simazine | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 7 H 12 ClN 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
white to beige powder |
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| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 201,66 g · mol -1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
1.33 g cm −3 |
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| Melting point |
225–227 ° C (decomposition) |
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| Vapor pressure |
0.81 µ Pa (20 ° C) |
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| solubility |
practically insoluble in water (6.2 mg l −1 at 20 ° C) |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Simazine (6-chloro- N , N ′ -diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is a selectively and systemically active herbicide developed by Geigy . Like atrazine and terbuthylazine, it belongs to the chlorine triazines .
The herbicide is sold under the trade names Simazin, Gesatop Quick, Linocin, Meduron, Topuron and Trevox, among others.
history
Simazin was developed by Geigy AG in the 1950s and first launched on the market in 1957. Economically, Simazin was a great success. Geigy's agricultural division is now part of Syngenta following a series of mergers . Since simazin residues in drinking water became more and more of a problem, the EU regulatory authority decided in 2003 not to register simazin as a plant protection product again.
use
Simazine was or is used in agriculture as a selectively acting herbicide against grasses and broad-leaved weeds. It was particularly widely used in the cultivation of corn . It is also suitable as a herbicide in cultures of deep-rooted plants. It was also used as a broad spectrum herbicide on non-agricultural land.
The active ingredient is no longer approved in the states of the European Union. Simazin has been banned in Switzerland since 2012.
toxicology
The toxicity of simazine is low; the LD 50 for oral ingestion is given for rats, mice, rabbits, chickens and pigeons with more than 5 g / kg body weight. In feeding studies, a lowest NOEL value of 0.6 mg / kg body weight was found. Simazine caused tumors of the mammary glands and kidneys in rats, whereupon a permissible daily dose of 0.005 mg / kg body weight was established. Ingested simazine is rapidly absorbed. Within the first day, 65 to 97% of it is excreted, most of it already metabolized.
Environmental impact
Simazine is adsorbed on soil minerals and its leaching rate is low due to its low water solubility. The breakdown takes place mainly through bacteria. Simazine is poisonous for fish, the lethal concentration in water (LC 50 (96 h)) for rainbow trout and carp is 100 mg / l. Simazin is not dangerous to bees .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on simazin in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b c Werner Perkow "Active substances in pesticides and pesticides", 2nd edition, 3rd supplement. Current issue March 1992, Paul Parey publishing house.
- ↑ Entry on Simazine in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Simazine in the EU pesticide database ; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on February 14, 2016 ..
- ↑ Federal Office for the Environment FOEN: Simazin (C7H12ClN5) , accessed on February 14, 2016.