Solanum annuum
| Solanum annuum | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum annuum | ||||||||||||
| CVMorton |
Solanum annuum is a plant type from the genus of Solanaceae ( Solanum ). Within the genus it is classified in the section Campanulisolanum .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum annuum is an annual , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 5 to 30 (rarely up to 50) centimeters. The slender, ascending stems are grooved lengthways or narrowly winged. The hairiness is moderate with noticeable protuberances from non-glandular trichomes .
The sympodial units contain one or two leaves . These are simple, egg-shaped to elliptical, 2.3 to 7 inches long and 0.8 to 4 inches wide. They occur in two different forms, some are smaller and have entire or finely serrated leaf margins, others are larger and are heavily pinnate to pinnately split, and only very rarely whole leaves are found. The hair is sparse to dense and consists of adjoining, simple and single-row trichomes on the leaf blade . The base is wedge-shaped, the leaves are pointed towards the front. The petiole is shorter than 6 millimeters and sparsely to densely hairy.
blossoms
The calyx is 2.4 to 3.5 (rarely up to 3.8) millimeters long. The calyx lobes are 0.8 to 1.3 (rarely only 0.7) millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide, one or two are slightly longer than the rest. This means that they are just as long or slightly shorter than the calyx tube. Their shape is broadly ovoid, their tip is blunt. The crown measures 0.7 to 0.8 (rarely up to 1) centimeters in diameter and is usually 5 to 6.2, rarely 4 to 8.1 millimeters long. It is bell-shaped, purple in color and has noticeable membranes between the individual corolla lobes. The corolla lobes are abundantly hairy with non-glandular trichomes on the outside and edges .
The stamens are fused at the base to form an approximately 1.1 millimeter long tube, the free-standing parts of the stamens are 0.8 to 1.55 (rarely up to 1.9) millimeters long. The tube is hairless, the rest is covered with multicellular, warty, non-glandular hair. The anthers are small, elliptical and pale yellow. They are 1.2 to 2.7 × 1.9 millimeters long and open via pores that lengthen into longitudinal slits over time.
The ovary is nearly spherical, hairless and contains two ovules . The stylus is 3.5 to 4.5 (rarely up to 5.5) millimeters long, articulated, cylindrical and is curved towards the tip. The lower half to two thirds are hairy with single-row trichomes. The scar measures 0.3 to × 0.5 millimeters and is wider than the stylus, it is head-shaped and slightly lobed at the base.
Fruits and seeds
As the fruit ripens, the calyx enlarges and partially encloses the fruit. The calyx lobes are then 3.2 to 3.7 × 3.2 to 4.7 millimeters in size, are more or less rounded, paper-like and dry-skinned and do not show any very clear network-like veins.
The fruit is a spherical, small berry 0.25 centimeters in diameter that contains one or two seeds . These are 2.6 to 2.1 millimeters long, pale yellow, spherical or overly egg-shaped. The seed coat is warty, the embryo is curved.
Occurrence
The species is common in northern Argentina , in the provinces of Jujuy , Salta , Tucumán and Catamarca . It can be found there at altitudes of 2100 to 3300 meters in the Pre-Puna and Puna .
Systematics
Solanum annuum is a member of the Chamaesarachidium section of the nightshade genus ( Solanum ). Molecular biological investigations classify this section in the Morelloid clade, which is part of the subgenus Solanum subg. Contains solanum . The possible classification in the Dulcamara or Campanulisolanum sections was discussed, but is not likely due to morphological differences, among other things.
proof
- GE Barboza: Solanum annuum , described by PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment , 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2012.