Tucuman Province
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
 ( Details ) |
 ( Details ) |
| Capital: | San Miguel de Tucuman |
| Surface:
- Total |
Rank 22 of 24 22,524 km² |
|
Population :
- Total 2010 |
Rank 6 of 24
1,448,188 inhabitants |
 .svg) |
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| ISO 3166-2 code: | AR-T |
| politics | |
| Region : | Región Noroeste Argentino |
| Structure: | 17 departments |
| Gobernador: | Juan Luis Manzur |
| Website of the Province of Tucumán | |
The province of Tucumán is one of the more populous provinces in Argentina . It is located in the northwest of the country. Their capital is San Miguel de Tucumán , which is often also called Tucumán for short .
geography
The province of Tucumán is between 26 ° and 28 ° south latitude and between 64 ° 30 'and 66 ° 30' west longitude and is 22,524 km² in size. Tucumán is characterized by a plain in the east, the valley of the Río Salí , and hilly to mountainous area in the west of the province, which is almost completely covered by the Sierras Subandinas . There is the highest point in the province, the Cerro del Bolsón (5550 m). To the west of the Sierras Subandinas lies the Valle Calchaquí , of which Tucumán has little share. In the far north-west, the province is part of the eastern slope of the Precordillera , the easternmost mountain range of the Andes .
The climate is subtropical, but with great inequality in terms of rainfall. The Valle Calchaquí and the western slopes of the Sierras Subandinas are dry (200-300 mm per year) and the landscape is steppe-like. On the eastern slope of these sierras, however, the clouds are dammed up by the prevailing easterly winds, so that very high precipitation rates are achieved, especially in summer (moderate 800–1000 mm per year) and rain and cloud forest vegetation is made possible. The extreme east forms a transition area to the Gran Chaco , where the precipitation decreases again, the landscape is savannah-like. Apart from the altitude, the temperatures are uniform throughout the province and in the lowlands are 24 to 26 degrees Celsius in January and 13 to 15 ° C in July.
population
The province of Tucumán has a population of 1.4 million people, with about 55% in San Miguel and the surrounding area. 99.2% of the population are Argentines, 90.2% were born in Tucumán.
Almost 80 percent of Tucuman's population lives in cities. In addition to the provincial capital, the largest cities are Concepción (45,000 inhabitants), Famaillá (30,000 inhabitants) and Lules (30,000 inhabitants). The north and the entire west are only sparsely populated, here the largest towns are Trancas in the north and Tafí del Valle and Amaicha del Valle in the west, but all three have only about 5000 inhabitants each.
origin of the name
The meaning of the name Tucumán is unclear. Allegedly the name comes from the Quechua word Yucuman , which means "place where the rivers arise", but this interpretation is controversial. Another interpretation derives from an even earlier time: According to this, it is said to have been the indigenous people of the region, the Diaguitas , who named the area after their chief Tukma (Tukma-nao = people of Tukma) before the invasion of the Incas . A third derivation connects the origin with the Lule Indians also living in the area, who are said to have named the country after the beetle Tuku-Tuku : Tuku-tuku-manita means "land in which the Tuku-Tuku (beetle ) occurs frequently ".
history
Before the discovery by the Spanish conquerors, the inhabitants of what is now Tucumán were heavily influenced by the Inca culture. This Indian group, the Diaguitas - Calchaquíes , populated the mountainous area of eastern Tucumán. The most famous archaeological site in Tucumán is the Quilmes fortification .
The first Spaniard to enter the Tucumán area was Diego de Almagro , conqueror of Perú . In 1535 he traveled through Chile, the Humahuaca Valley and reached the Calchaquíes Valleys . Eight years later, Diego de Rojas was looking for a way from Perú to the Río de la Plata . He was killed by the Indians. In 1564, eleven years after the founding of the oldest continuously inhabited city of Santiago del Estero in 1553, the province of Tucumán, Juríes y Diaguitas was founded with its first city, Santiago del Estero (today: Province of Santiago del Estero ).
A year later, on May 31, 1565, Diego de Villarroel founded the city of San Miguel de Tucumán . Because of the controversial Indians and the poor water quality at the original founding site near the present-day town of Ibatín , the governor Fernando de Mendoza y Mate de Luna decided on September 27, 1685 to relocate and re-establish the city. In 1776 Tucumán became part of the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata .
After the events of May 25, 1810 in Buenos Aires, when the citizens of the city rebelled against the viceroy, Manuel Belgrano came to Tucumán in 1812 . There he defeated the royal troops in the Battle of Tucumán on September 24th of the same year . Four years and more battles later, on July 9, 1816, the Tucumán Congress declared independence from Spain. In 1820, Bernabé Aráoz proclaimed the Republic of Tucumán, which included Santiago del Estero and Catamarca . A year later, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca became independent.
Many years of struggle with neighboring provinces and repeated changes in the leadership of the province by Unitarianists and Federalists did not let Tucumán come to rest until 1880.
From 1950 to 1955, Fernando Riera and Luis Cruz, both from the Peronist Party, ruled the province of Tucumán . At that time the province had about 731,000 inhabitants. A law that was supposed to strike a balance between less efficient working sugar cane mills and growers and more efficient working ones led to a one-sided cultivation of sugar cane in the province.
On February 11, 1955, the provinces of Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe and Tucumán were placed under the supervision of the federal government, in Tucumán José Humberto Martiarena replaced Governor Cruz.
On September 16, 1955, there was a military uprising in Cordoba and on September 20, 1955, Juan Domingo Perón resigned and left the country. A military junta took over government power in Argentina. Troops loyal to Perón came to Tucumán on September 21, and Lieutenant Colonel ( teniente coronel ) Horacio Zenarruza first took over government power in the province, three days later Lieutenant Colonel Jorge Mario Moretti.
From 1955 to 1957 Vieyra Spangenberg took over the government. In 1956, the provincial constitution of 1907 came back into force, replacing the constitution of 1949. In October 1956, the military president Lieutenant General ( teniente general ) Pedro Aramburu visited the province. After the elections in the same year Argentina became democratic again under President Ricardo Balbin .
On April 29, 1957, Vieyra Spangenberg handed over power to the General Director of the Provinces of the Ministry of the Interior, Daniel Ignacio Parodi, who was replaced shortly afterwards by Nicolás Mario Juárez García.
On May 1, 1958, Celestino Gelsi became governor of Tucumán. From 1960 to 1962 the El Cadillal dam was built to improve the drinking water supply.
The year 1962 was politically very changeable and marked by the takeover of power at the national level by the military president José María Guido . Provincial elections were held in March 1962, and the Peronist Party won. Thereupon General Julio Martín Sueldo took over the government in Tucumán on March 19th and handed it over to Inbaud on April 9th. This in turn resigned from his office on May 21 and passed the power to José Emilio Wigil Monteverde, who in turn handed it over to the former General Ricardo Arandía on May 31. On November 15th of the same year Gordillo Gómez took over the provincial business.
After turbulent elections in 1963, Governor Lázaro Barbieri took over government on October 12th. Under his government in 1964 600 million pesos were issued in certificados de cancelación de deudas (bonds in the form of emergency money), also known as bonos .
In 1965 the situation of the sugar industry worsened due to overproduction, which led to many strikes and unrest. In the same year the Catholic University of Santo Tomás de Aquino opened its doors.
On June 28, 1966, the military staged a coup against the Argentine President Arturo Umberto Illia , which led to the end of the Barbieri government. The military ruled Argentina until 1973. The commander of the 5th Infrantriebrigade Otero took over government power in the province. On July 9th of the same year, the first local television channel Canal 10 starts . On August 5th, the former general Fernando Aliaga García took over the government in Tucumán. The military government decided on August 22nd to restructure the sugar industry in the province, which led to the closure of almost 30% of the sugar mills.
On March 16, 1968, Roberto Avellaneda became governor of Tucumán. More sugar mills closed.
In 1969 the guerrillas, which had been gathering in small groups years earlier, became stronger and there were many attacks in Tucumán. Avellaneda was unable to bring order to the province and turned the government over to Colonel ( coronel ) Nanclares. This soon passed the business of government to the commander of the 5th Infrantriebrigade and later President of the military rule from 1976 to 1983, Colonel Jorge Rafael Videla .
On September 4, 1970, Carlos Imbaud took over the post of governor in Tucumán for the second time, after having held it temporarily in 1962. Imbaud tried to include various political parties and the trade unions in his politics. However, this did not have the desired success and so the year 1970 was again marked by violent unrest and the guerrilla groups Montoneros and Ejército Republicano del Pueblo began their attacks.
In 1971 the president of the military junta Roberto Marcelo Levingston asked Imbaud to resign and Sarrulle took over the governor's post, which was confirmed in office by Levingston's successor, military president Alejandro Agustín Lanusse . In 1975 the President declared a state of emergency in the region and the Operativo Independencia (Operation Independence) began. Antonio Domingo Bussi led this action, which resulted in numerous deaths and human rights violations. During the Argentine military dictatorship from 1976 to 1978, Bussi was governor of the province, which intensified the crimes against guerrillas or supposed guerrillas.
politics
José Jorge Alperovich has been governor of the Tucumán Province since October 29, 2003 . He replaced Julio Antonio Miranda and was re-elected in 2007. The majority in the provincial parliament are the Peronists. The mayor of San Miguel de Tucumán is Domingo Luis Amaya.
Administrative division
The province of Tucumán is divided into 17 departments that have no administrative function. Within the departments are the municipalities ( municipios and comunas rurales ), which in places are not directly adjacent to each other, which is why some areas in the province of Tucumán have no municipal administration.
The provincial constitution, modified in 2006, recognizes the self-government of the municipalities. The provincial constitution divides the municipality into three categories according to the number of inhabitants and the number of property owners. Municipalities with at least 40,000 inhabitants and no fewer than 7,500 landowners form the 1st category. Those with more than 8,000 inhabitants and at least 4,000 property owners belong to the 2nd category. The third category includes those municipalities that do not meet the specified conditions. For the Comunas Rurales , a population of at least 500 is a requirement.
| Department | Capital | Area in km² | Residents |
| Burruyacú | Burruyacú | 3,605 | 36,951 |
| Capital | San Miguel de Tucuman | 90 | 548.866 |
| Chicligasta | Concepción | 1,267 | 80,735 |
| Cruz Alta | Banda del Río Salí | 1,255 | 180,499 |
| Famaillá | Famaillá | 427 | 34,542 |
| Graneros | Graneros | 1,678 | 13,551 |
| Juan Bautista Alberdi | Juan Bautista Alberdi | 730 | 30,237 |
| La Cocha | La Cocha | 917 | 19.002 |
| Leales | Bella Vista | 2,027 | 54,949 |
| Lules | Lules | 540 | 68,641 |
| Monteros | Monteros | 1,169 | 63,641 |
| Río Chico | Aguilares | 585 | 56,847 |
| Simoca | Simoca | 1,261 | 30,876 |
| Tafí del Valle | Tafí del Valle | 2,741 | 14,933 |
| Tafí Viejo | Tafí Viejo | 1,210 | 121,638 |
| Trancas | Trancas | 2,862 | 17,371 |
| Yerba Buena | Yerba Buena | 160 | 75,076 |
economy
Tucumán is the largest Argentinian producer of lemons and sugar . Argentina, on the other hand, is the main country of origin of lemons imported into Germany . But other vegetable products are also grown in Tucumán. That is why Tucumán is nicknamed the “Garden of the Republic”. There are also some mines in the Tucumáns area. The largest foreign company in Tucumán is the truck manufacturer Scania .
traffic
The regional airport Aeropuerto Internacional Teniente General Benjamin Matienzo is located in the capital San Miguel .
Education
Tucumán has two state universities ( Universidad Nacional de Tucumán , founded in 1914 and the Universidad Tecnológica de Tucumán) and a Catholic University ( Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino , founded 1965), which are also of national importance.
Web links
Buenos Aires | Catamarca | Chaco | Chubut | Cordoba | Corrientes | Entre Ríos | Formosa | Jujuy | La Pampa | La Rioja | Mendoza | Misiones | Neuquén | Río Negro | Salta | San Juan | San Luis | Santa Cruz | Santa Fe | Santiago del Estero | Tierra del Fuego | Tucuman
Coordinates: 27 ° 0 ′ S , 65 ° 30 ′ W