Solanum nemorense
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| Solanum nemorense | ||||||||||||
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The Solanum Nemorense is in South America -based plants art from the genus Solanum ( Solanum ) in the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum nemorense is a strong, perennial climbing plant or subshrub with heights of between 0.5 and 4 m. The stems measure 0.25 to 1.5 cm in diameter, are hollow, hairless or sparsely covered with unbranched trichomes and 2 to 8 mm long and at the base 2 to 6 mm wide, straight to bent back spines. The internodes are 6 to 16 cm long. A sympodial unit can contain a single or several leaves standing in pairs .
The leaves are simple and can be lobed or non-lobed with two to four egg-shaped pointed lobes; both forms can be found together on one plant. The lobes are 4 to 8 cm wide, the front lobe resembles the side lobes in size and shape. The leaf blades are ovate or elongated, paper-like, 15 to 40 (rarely up to 50) cm long and 7 to 20 (rarely up to 35) cm wide and about twice as long as wide. The upper side of the leaf is hairless, the underside of the leaf can also be hairless or slightly downy hairy. On the underside, the leaf axis is covered with bent back spines. Three to twelve pairs of lateral veins extend from the leaf axis. The tip of the leaf is pointed to pointed, the edge of the leaf has entire margins or often also has spiky teeth, these are up to 2 mm long. There is no petiole .
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are 2 to 40 (rarely up to 45) cm long, mostly unbranched and only occasionally forked, they elongate when the fruit is ripe. Then every single part of the fork is a monochasial cyme of six to 15 flowers that appears rolled up. The plants are Andromonözisch , only the lowest flowers of an inflorescence are fertile, so that about three to five fruits develop per inflorescence. The inflorescence axes are hairless or almost hairless. Occasionally they are reinforced with straight spines with a strong base. The peduncle reaches a length of 3 to 20 cm, the rhachis is 3 to 20 cm long. The flower stalks are 5 to 10 cm long at flowering time, 10 to 40 mm on the fruits. They stand 1 to 10 mm apart and are pushed towards the tip of the inflorescence. At the base or just above the base, they are weakly articulated, after falling off they leave behind swollen scars.
The flowers are five-fold and appear in different shapes with differently designed styluses. The calyx measures 5 to 8 mm in diameter and is protruding, the calyx tube is 6 to 8 mm long and has egg-shaped, blunt to the front, hairless, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide lobes. The calyx is permanent and enlarged on the fruit. The crown measures 2 to 3 mm in diameter, is protruding but not bent back and star-shaped. It is evenly green to greenish-white in color. The corolla tube is 1 to 2 mm long, the corolla lobes measure 4 to 6 mm in length and 1 to 3 mm in width. They are narrowly triangular to lanceolate and pointed towards the front. Both sides are hairless, the top is furrowed.
The stamens have a 0.5 mm long filament and 8 to 10 mm long and at the base 2 mm wide, yellow colored anthers, which narrow towards the front long pointed. They are spread apart or tilted together, their surface is papilous . They open through small, outward-facing pores. The ovary is hairless and has a cylindrical, straight, hairless and 5 to 7 mm long and 0.25 mm diameter stylus with a split scar .
Fruits and seeds
The fruits measure 3 to 4 mm in diameter, are spherical and colored orange or yellow when ripe. Their surface is hairless and shiny. They do not contain stone cells . The seeds are 4 to 5.5 mm long and 3 to 4 mm wide. They are very flattened and light brown in color. Its surface is structured like a honeycomb, the edge is thickened.
Occurrence and locations
The species occurs in the eastern to western Andes and in the lower parts of the Amazon basin in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Brazil . It can be found there in clearings, shady thickets and in forests near rivers. It grows at altitudes between 200 and 1500 m.
Systematics
Solanum nemorense belongs to a group of nightshade species that have spines but no star-shaped bifurcated trichomes. Although this form of hairiness is untypical for the subgenus Leptostemonum , these and related species have long been assigned to this subgenus as the section Nemorense . Molecular biological studies showed, however, that this group is not closely related to the other sting-bearing nightshade species. In the molecular-biological, phylogenetic system of the nightshade , these species are listed as Wendlandii / Allophyllum clade. Within this group, the species, together with Solanum hoehnei and Solanum reptans, forms a clade that has been strongly confirmed by the studies.
proof
- JL Clark: Solanum nemorense . In: Solanaceae Source ( online ), April 2006, accessed March 19, 2011.