Social Revolutionary
A social revolutionary is a person who achieves a radical improvement in the social or economic situation of the disadvantaged strata of the population in a country, usually through redistribution of wealth , or who publicly advocates it. Redistribution can also make violence necessary in the understanding of some theories.
History of ideas
The term did not come into political language until the 20th century, but is already based in the efforts of Tiberius Gracchus for land reform in ancient Rome, in figures of the Middle Ages such as the "noble robber" Robin Hood , in the efforts to liberate peasants in Europe 16th century ( Peasants' War 1525) and in the liberation movements of the Indians in Central and South America . Social revolutionary approaches can be found e.g. B. in the theology of Thomas Müntzer , a radical direction of the Reformation .
The term social revolution is first used in the title of a work by Antoine François Claude Ferrand in 1794. As the author of Considérations sur la révolution sociale , Ferrand represented royalist goals until his death.
In the French Revolution , social revolutionary groups such as the Hébertists , the Enragés and later the followers of Babeuf emerged . In Babeuf's agitation, the workers first appeared as an exploited class; here the social revolutionary approach passed into the emergence of communism . Georg Büchner and Ludwig Weidig (" Der Hessische Landbote ") as well as Hans Kudlich continued the tradition of the revolutionary peasant liberation in the early 19th century. The so-called " social question " of the 19th century, the impoverishment of the working class in the industrial revolution, brought about numerous efforts of social reform in Europe and the USA , the Catholic social doctrine and social encyclicals , the emergence of social democracy and Marxism as political movements and as Philosophies. In their "Textbook of Social Policy", H. Lampert and J. Althammer classify Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels and their predecessor Wilhelm Weitling as the most important social revolutionaries of the 19th century for Germany.
In Latin America , the rural-peasant aspect of the Social Revolutionaries was preserved until the second half of the 20th century. The political spectrum of the Social Revolutionaries there ranges from Marxist proponents like Che Guevara and Social Democrats like " Lula " to the theology of liberation and bishops like Dom Hélder Câmara and Erwin Kräutler , who also supports some land occupations as a means of land reform .
The main theoretical feature of the various social revolutionary endeavors today is a fundamental rejection of the capitalist form of society (private ownership of the means of production) with its principle of the pursuit of profit and the associated exploitation.
Individual evidence
- ↑ TERMS. Retrieved December 10, 2017 .
- ^ Georg Büchner, Ludwig Weidig: The Hessian Landbote. Texts, letters, trial files. Commented by Hans Magnus Enzensberger , Frankfurt / M. 1965 (island); TB 1974.
- ^ Bernhard Wolfgramm: Hans Kudlich. In: Men of the Revolution of 1848, Vol. 1, Berlin / DDR 1988 (Academy), pp. 389–416.
- ^ H. Lampert, J. Althammer: Textbook of social policy. 7th edition 2004, p. 50.