St. Louis encephalitis
Classification according to ICD-10 | |
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A83.3 | St. Louis encephalitis |
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) |
The Saint Louis encephalitis , including encephalitis St. Louis , is one of the most common by arboviruses triggered disease in North America and is also of travel medical importance.
Pathogen
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus | ||||||||||||||||||
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SLE virus in the salivary gland of a mosquito |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||||||||
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Taxonomic characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||||||||
Saint Louis encephalitis virus | ||||||||||||||||||
Short name | ||||||||||||||||||
SLEV | ||||||||||||||||||
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St. Louis encephalitis is caused by viruses of the species St. Louis encephalitis virus ( scientifically Saint Louis encephalitis virus , SLEV). The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus with positive polarity belongs to the genus Flavivirus , family Flaviviridae .
transmission
The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (genus Culex and species Stegomyia albopicta ). During a blood meal on an infected animal, the mosquitoes ingest the virus and can later transmit it to humans or animals by biting again. Birds and bats are animal reservoirs . Humans are just a false host , there is no human-to-human transmission.
Occurrence
Endemic areas in the USA are the Ohio-Mississippi Basin , Texas , Florida , Colorado and California , as well as Jamaica . The virus is also endemic in Canada , Central and South America , but has probably not triggered any epidemics there . Transmission takes place most frequently between July and October, depending on the mosquito's life cycle.
clinic
In most cases the disease is inapparent and has no consequences. However, after an incubation period of a few days, 1–5% of those infected suddenly develop a high fever , accompanied by headache and body aches, photophobia and dizziness . This can lead to neurological symptoms , especially in older people : meningitis or encephalitis . The recovery can take weeks and months, are also possible permanent neurological deficits such. B. Gait and speech disorders. The lethality can be up to 20%.
therapy
There is no specific therapy or vaccination . Protection against mosquito bites is therefore recommended for travelers to endemic areas: repellants , mosquito nets , light-colored, long clothing, avoiding outside stays during and after dusk.
Web links
- E. Mylonakis: St. Louis Encephalitis www.emedicine.com, version dated June 26, 2006
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)