St. Croix River (Maine-New Brunswick)
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St. Croix River Saint Croix River |
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 Saint Croix River |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | US : 574697 | |
| location |
New Brunswick ( Canada ), Washington County in Maine (USA) |
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| River system | St. Croix River | |
| origin | Chiputneticook Lake, New Brunswick 45 ° 49 ′ 23 " N , 67 ° 45 ′ 21" W. |
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| muzzle | Passamaquoddy Bay Coordinates: 45 ° 4 '47 " N , 67 ° 5' 48" W 45 ° 4 '47 " N , 67 ° 5' 48" W. |
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| Mouth height |
0 m
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| length | 102 km | |
| Catchment area | 2400 km² | |
| Flowing lakes | North Lake, East Grand Lake, Spednic Lake, Palfrey Lake, Grand Falls Lake | |
| Small towns | Calais , Saint Stephen , Saint Andrews | |
| Communities | Vanceboro , Baileyville , McAdam | |
 Catchment area of the St. Croix River. |
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The St. Croix River (in Canada ; Saint Croix River in the US ) is a river in northeastern North America that forms part of the border between the United States and Canada - more precisely, between the US state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick .
Its source is in Chiputneticook Lake and its estuary in Passamaquoddy Bay in the Atlantic Ocean . The St. Croix River flows through a number of natural lakes, which are North Lake, East Grand Lake, Spednic Lake, Palfrey Lake, Grand Falls Lake, and flows into the Passamaquoddy at St. Stephen and Calais Bay.
At the mouth of the river between Calais / St. Stephen and Robbinston / St. Andrews has an inlet about 25 km long. Due to the enormous tidal range of around seven meters, a tidal wave is created here , which is pushed up the current.
The St. Croix River forms two different geographical zones, an extensive lake area on the upper reaches and the actual river on the lower reaches, bounded by wooded rounded hills, granite rocks and ice-age rubble. Rare and endangered plants and animals can be found here, such as the cardinal lobelia, the tall bushy blueberry , the snowball , the bald eagle and the osprey .
history
Archaeological finds show that the banks of the St. Croix River were settled around 12,000 years ago. For many centuries the river was a waterway for the Passamaquoddy , who fished for fish and gathered clams on the coast. In 1604 the first French colonists in North America, Pierre Dugua de Mons and Samuel de Champlain, reached the river and built the first French settlement in North America on the small Saint Croix Island about 6 above the mouth. After just one winter, most of them moved on to the Bay of Fundy . In the violent clashes between British and French settlers for supremacy in North America, the settlements around the river were devastated, the region became a no man's land between the fronts and was only sparsely populated by Indians. After the American War of Independence , in the Peace of Paris in 1783, the Saint Croix River was declared the border between the now independent United States and the British colonial territory of Canada, but it was no longer known exactly which river was the original Saint Croix. It was not until 1793 that the Canadian Robert Pagan found with the help of a copy of Champlain's map Saint Croix Island and there the ruins of the settlement, which he can identify through French porcelain. This settled the border dispute.
As a result, Americans and loyalists settled on the St. Croix River and made the region a center of shipbuilding and timber trade. Hundreds of ships were built from local wood in the shipyards located here. Bringing in the inland timber needed for shipbuilding took thousands of workers and horses to cut trees and float logs to the river and then down to the nearly 140 sawmills . Today the names of places like Upper Mills and Milltown bear witness to the existence of these sawmills. The last logs were rafted on the St. Croix River in 1965. Today the tree trunks are transported by truck to the pulp mill built in Woodland in 1907.
In the late 1880s a railway line was built first to St. Andrews and later to Vanceboro and McAdam and brought wealthy tourists from Montreal and Boston to the St. Croix River, making St. Andrews a summer resort. In 1900 the Canadian Pacific Railway built the station in McAdams (McAdam Railway Station), which is now a National Historic Site (National Historic Site ). Saint Croix Island is designated as an International Historic Site- type memorial and is administered by the US National Park Service in cooperation with Parcs Canada .
Web links
- St. Croix River and pictures
- Catchment area of the St. Croix River
- St. Croix lighthouse
- St. Croix Island International Historic Site
Individual evidence
- ↑ St. Croix River ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ St. Croix River History
