St. Martin (Kaufbeuren)

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City parish church of St. Martin
City parish church of St. Martin

City parish church of St. Martin
Construction year: 1438
Location: 47 ° 52 '48.8 "  N , 10 ° 37' 15.6"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 52 '48.8 "  N , 10 ° 37' 15.6"  E
Location: Kaufbeuren
Bavaria , Germany
Purpose: Roman Catholic parish church

The parish church of St. Martin is the Catholic parish church of the parish of the same name and dominates the cityscape of Kaufbeuren with its tower that can be seen from afar .

Building history

inner space

In 1308 the parish of St. Martin was first mentioned in the written sources. Herrmann der Phaffe and Hainrich the Liut priests of Burun , mentioned in 1240 and 1299, respectively, can both be regarded as pastors of St. Martin. During excavation work in 1978, the remains of four different apses were discovered in the choir of St. Martin , which go back to previous buildings.

The oldest of the remains of the apses can be considered part of an early medieval royal court church , but the dating is not archaeologically secure. As the Reichshofkirche, St. Martin was a fiscal church and was therefore only available to the royal administrators of the Franconian Reichshof, which was founded around the middle of the 8th century. In connection with the Carolingian time of Kaufbeuren, the patronage is to be valued, since St. Martin is considered the house and court saint of the Franconian kings. Another of the apsidal finds refers to a high medieval chapel of St. Martin, which probably belonged to a fortification on the area of ​​today's church square. Historically, this castle-like building, to which the remains of the wall discovered in 2001 also refer, can be associated with the work of the nobles from Buron / Beuren . In the phase of Guelph sovereignty over Kaufbeuren from 1167 to 1191, the castle chapel was enlarged and redesigned as a church, which was favored by the deterioration of the previous castle complex. St. Martin probably received parish rights during this time and from then on represented the religious center of the Guelph settlement. A cemetery must also have been created when the parish rights were granted. In the course of the redesign of Kaufbeuren after the takeover by the Staufer in the person of Heinrich VI. In 1191, around 1200, St. Martin was given the shape of a Romanesque basilica. The sacred building from the Staufer era fell victim to a fire in 1325 and was rebuilt in the Gothic style. The remaining two apsidal finds from 1978 correspond to these two sections of the architectural history of St. Martin. The remains of the Romanesque building are only preserved in the south portal of the church and in the baptismal font.

The cemetery chapel, first mentioned in 1328, which was consecrated to St. Michael and was profaned in the 19th century , is likely to be dated to the 13th century. During earthworks, remnants of the wall could be observed south of the existing chapel, which may belong to a previous building. St. Eustachius has been occupied as a crypt chapel in the basement since 1461 .

Charles IV gave away the patronage of St. Martin in 1350 to the St. Agnes Chapel in Augsburg Cathedral, the owner of which from then on appointed the pastor.

From 1438 to 1443 the parish church was rebuilt. The consecration was carried out personally by the Bishop of Augsburg, Peter Cardinal von Schaumberg. Later the church was equipped with a carved altar by the Ulm master Michael Erhart.

Protestantism came to Kaufbeuren around 1520 . In 1545 the parish church was completely redesigned according to the ideas of the Protestantism that has now prevailed in Kaufbeuren. The city council took over the right to occupy the parish. Since 1555, the provisions of the Augsburg Religious Peace for imperial cities of mixed denominations have applied to Kaufbeuren. Until the construction of the Evangelical Trinity Church in 1614, the St. Martin church was used by both denominations.

Large parts of the church furnishings were lost as a result of a total of eleven city lootings during the Thirty Years' War .

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the church was given a Baroque style .

Under the parish priest Josef Landes , the church was furnished in a neo-Gothic style from 1893 to 1899 .

organ

The organ on the west gallery

The organ , also known as the Crescentia organ , was built in 1999 by the organ building company Siegfried Schmid ( Knottenried ). The instrument has 50 stops on three manuals and a pedal . The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions mechanical and electrical. The organ case was designed based on the Gothic church interior. The disposition is as follows:

I Rückpositiv C – a 3
1. Prestant 8th'
2. Bourdun 8th'
3. Principal 4 ′
4th Pointed flute 4 ′
5. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Forest flute 2 ′
7th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
8th. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Scharff IV 1'
10. Dulcian 16 ′
11. Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
II main work C – a 3
12. Principal 16 ′
13. Principal 8th'
14th Flute harmonique 8th'
15th Viola di gamba 8th'
16. Copel 8th'
17th Octav 4 ′
18th Reed flute 4 ′
19th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Super octave 2 ′
21st Mixture V 2 ′
22nd Cornet V 8th'
23. Trumpet 16 ′
24. Trumpet 8th'
III Swell C – a 3
25th Bourdon 16 ′
26th Violin principal 8th'
27. Wooden flute 8th'
28. Salicional 8th'
29 Voix céleste 8th'
30th Prestant 4 ′
31. Transverse flute 4 ′
32. viola 4 ′
33. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
34. Duplicate 2 ′
35. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
36. Plein Jeu V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Basson 16 ′
38. Trumpet harm. 8th'
39. Hautbois 8th'
40. Clairon harm. 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
41. Pedestal 32 ′
42. Principal bass 16 ′
43. Sub bass 16 ′
44. Octavbass 8th'
45. Dacked bass 8th'
46. Choral bass 4 ′
47. Mixture IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
48. Bombard 16 ′
49. Trumpet 8th'
50. Trumpet 4 ′

literature

  • Helmut Lausser: The urban shaping. Prehistory and early history of Kaufbeuren. In: Stefan Dieter, Jürgen Kraus (ed.): The city of Kaufbeuren. Volume 1: Political History and Present of a City. Bauer, Thalhofen 1999, ISBN 3-930888-60-2 , pp. 10-41.
  • Marcus Simm: The king's city in Buron. (Kaufbeuren - an urban archaeological study on genesis, early development and topography) (= Kaufbeurer series of publications. Vol. 11). Bauer, Thalhofen 2012, ISBN 978-3-934509-96-2 (also: Munich, university, dissertation).

Web links

Commons : St. Martin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Diocese of Augsburg
  2. ↑ Marcus Simm: The king's place at Buron. 2012, p. 248.
  3. ↑ Cf. Marcus Simm: The king's place in Buron. 2012, p. 194.
  4. ↑ Helmut Lausser: The urban formation. 1999, p. 10ff.
  5. ↑ Cf. Marcus Simm: The king's place in Buron. 2012, p. 203.
  6. ↑ Marcus Simm: The riddle of St. Martin. Archaeological arguments, evidence and hypotheses on the early history of the city of Kaufbeuren. Contributions to the Kaufbeurer town history (= Kaufbeurer series of publications. Vol. 4). Bauer, Thalhofen, 2002, ISBN 3-934509-07-X , p. 6ff.
  7. ↑ Cf. Marcus Simm: The king's place in Buron. 2012, p. 211f.
  8. ↑ See Helmut Lausser: Die urbane Formung. 1999, p. 27.
  9. ↑ Cf. Marcus Simm: The king's place in Buron. 2012, p. 77.
  10. ↑ Cf. Marcus Simm: The king's place in Buron. 2012, p. 248f.
  11. ^ Rummel, Peter: Schaumberg, Peter von (1388-1469) . In: Erwin Gatz (Ed.): The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire . tape 2 . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, p. 622-624 .
  12. ↑ More information about the organ on the municipality's website