St. Peter (Bacharach)

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St. Peter Church in Bacharach
Parish church St. Peter, choir facade with apse flanked by round towers
Parish church of St. Peter, nave with medieval painting

The church of St. Peter in Bacharach is a former collegiate church and today the city's Protestant church.

The Church of St. Peter has been part of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002 ; it is also a protected cultural asset under the Hague Convention .

General

St. Peter represents the Rhenish late Romanesque in Bacharach . The church was built from 1230 to 1269 as a three-aisled gallery basilica and renovated at the end of the 19th century. Despite the largely Romanesque construction, the four-storey wall elevation was based on the early Gothic style of French church architecture, which was particularly popular in the Rhineland at this time as a model. From 1194 until the Reformation , St. Peter belonged to Cologne's Andreas-Stift . The monastery provided the pastor and was responsible for the ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the Viertälergebiet, which had its seat in the old Kurkölnischer Saalhof opposite the church. In 1810 the French administration tore down the Saalhof , and today the Altkölnische Saal is located there.

Exterior construction

The hillside location and the limited space required a floor plan with a short length. The proportions of the central nave are correspondingly steep . A semicircular apse with a dwarf gallery , flanked by two round choir towers, adjoins the transept that does not protrude. The church structure is dominated by the west tower jutting into the nave , whose crenellated, late Gothic upper floor dates from 1478. A slim, eight-sided roof pyramid from the same period forms the end.

Interior

The church received its current painting in the course of the restorations carried out from 1968 to 1970 and from 1992 to 1995. Only a color version reconstructed at the end of the 19th century in the spirit of late historicism could be used. The medieval color versions were intended to make the function of individual architectural elements recognizable: the pillars, for example, are gray with white joints; Ribs and window walls are painted in English red, also with white joints.

The Romanesque windows of the apse had to give way to the larger lancet windows with tracery during the Gothic renovation in the 14th century . In the 15th century the gallery in the southern transverse arm and the local net vault were built .

The short, steep central nave is 11 m long and 17 m high. The storeys of the tall nave wall rest on arched arcades with rectangular pillars. A large number of leaf and bud capitals serve as sculptural jewelry. There are figural consoles on both sides above the eastern pillars. The top end is formed by the busted vault with pointed belt and shield arches.

The side aisles with their decorative cross vaults and the hanging keystones are elongated and extend to the west wall of the west transverse building, which takes up the entire width of the nave. There they lead inwards into the hall-like space under the west gallery, which is open on three sides. On the south side of the nave, on the east wall of the transept arm and at the western end of the side aisle, there are two tombs worth seeing: for the forester Johann Friedrich von Wolfskehl († 1609) and for the Bacharach bailiff and customs clerk Meinhard von Schönberg († 1596). On the east wall of the north arm of the transept there is an oversized representation of St. Christopher .

Views

  • Vault of transept and apse

  • Vault of the west tower hall

  • South aisle with hanging keystones

  • Tomb of Johann Friedrich von Wolfskehl

organ

Prospectus of the historical organ

The organ was built in 1826 by the Stumm brothers (Sulzbach / Hunsrück) in the historic organ case from the years 1792-1793. The two-manual instrument has largely been preserved and was restored after a heating deflagration in 2007. Today it has 26 stops over two manuals and a pedal .

I main work C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Hollow pipe 8th'
Viola da gamba 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Salicional 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
Super octave 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Mixture IV
Cornett IV
Trumpet 8th'
II subpositive C – f 3
Dumped 8th'
Slack travers 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Salicional 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
Octav 2 ′
Cymbel III
Krummhorn 8th'
Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Octave bass 8th'
Flute bass 4 ′
trombone 16 ′

literature

  • Franz Büttner Pfänner zu Thal : The Sanct-Peterskirche in Bacharach. Art historical treatise . Leipzig 1890.
  • Paul Clemen : The Gothic monumental paintings of the Rhineland . 2 volumes. Düsseldorf 1930. Here text volume pp. 235–236 with ill. 249
  • Meyer's Encyclopedic Lexicon . Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1973, Volume 3, p. 294.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland . Munich / Berlin 1985, pp. 49-52
  • Werner Schäfke : The Rhine from Mainz to Cologne . Dumont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2005, ISBN 3-7701-4799-5 , p. 88.
  • Eduard Sebald : The Evangelical Church of St. Peter in Bacharach ; DKV Art Guide No. 579. Deutscher Kunstverlag GmbH, Munich and Berlin, 3rd updated edition 2011
  • The inscriptions of the Protestant parish church of St. Peter in Bacharach , edited by Susanne Kern. Mainz 2008 (= inscriptions Mittelrhein-Hunsrück, issue 7.) Digitally under URL [1]
  • Jürgen Kaiser: Romanesque in the Rhineland, Greven Verlag , Cologne, 2008 ISBN 978-3-7743-0419-2

Web links

Commons : St. Peter  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilfried Koch: Architectural style - sacred buildings. Special edition for Bassermann Verlag; Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GmbH, Gütersloh / Munich 1998, ISBN 3-8094-5007-3 , p. 145.
  2. ↑ More information about the organ of St. Peter

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 '35.2 "  N , 7 ° 46' 4.4"  E