Hanging
The term pendant vault or hanging pin comes from the language of architecture and is at the vault for a hanging keystone . This is often designed in the form of a pin or a knob . In the case of two-layer vaults, there are also hangers in the form of a keystone that is suspended deeply by means of iron anchors, on which vault ribs have their support in filigree form .
In timber construction , a hanging figure is the lower end of a hanging column below the beams carried by the hanging column. Such constructions can be found now and then in the refectories of the English Tudor style .
Suspended objects and hanging vaults play to a large extent with static construction principles and the viewing habits of the observer. In sacred buildings , the stones are often more ornately decorated the closer the observer approaches the choir . The keystones serve as image carriers and, in addition to simple shapes, can also contain heads, scenes from the Bible, evangelist symbols or mythical creatures.
Hanging keystones
Europe
Choir of Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul in Aumale , Normandy
Coffered ceiling of the main staircase of the castle of Azay-le-Rideau , Loire Valley
Saint Laurent , Paris
Saint-Jean-Baptiste , Nemours
Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux , Strasbourg
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India
A little earlier there are numerous hanging keystones ( padmashilas ) in the cantilevered domes of the medieval Hindu and Jain temples in India.
Belur , India (around 1190)
Amruthapura (around 1200)
Delhi (around 1220)
Mount Abu (around 1250)
Ranakpur (around 1450)
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Wrong keystones
The hangings of the Cadouin Abbey (there are numerous other examples) are independent sculptures and not real keystones, as they are "attached" or "suspended" to the structural, load-transferring keystones or vault gussets using metal anchors. They are always asymmetrical and always designed independently and in some cases significantly larger in scope than the constructive keystones. About 25 of the 95 pendants in Cadouin Abbey have survived.
Cadouin Abbey ( Aquitaine ) Vaulted area with five pendants
Cadouin Abbey hanging, angel with censer
Cadouin Abbey, north gallery, structural keystones without hangers (removed)
Hanging vault
From the hanging keystones, hanging vault parts develop in the European late Gothic period, the ribs of which no longer converge in an apex, but rather make a downward U-turn shortly beforehand; this can even go so far that the ribs detach from the subsurface, move freely in space as so-called air rib vaults and rest on the knobs of the hanging keystones. Constructively, this was achieved using non-visible iron or copper anchors.
south aisle of St. Peter's Church, Bacharach
Choir of Notre-Dame in Caudebec-en-Caux , Normandy
Moritz Church , Halle (Saale)
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony-Anhalt II. Administrative districts Dessau and Halle. German Kunstverlag, Berlin 1999. ISBN 978-3-422-03065-7 . (For the hangers in Halle see p. 258 and 264)
