St. Sebastian (Schlatt)

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St. Sebastian from the south

St. Sebastian is the Catholic parish church in the village of Schlatt , now part of Bad Krozingen im Breisgau . The parish belongs to the pastoral care unit Bad Krozingen-Hartheim .

View into the choir room
View of the gallery with the organ

history

Important for the history of the church is a spring that is now walled and regarded as healing. Next to it, on the one hand, a monastery of the Knightly Order of the Lazarites with a leper house, first mentioned in 1271, was built ("fratres ordinis s. Lazari in Slatte"), and on the other hand, the church, first mentioned in 1275. It was originally dedicated to St. Apollinaris of Ravenna , and later to St. Sebastian . Saint Fridolin von Säckingen has always been venerated in Schlatt. He is said to have preached here. The local nobility, the Lords of Staufen , gave the church to the Lazarites. They sold their house in 1362 to the Johanniter in Freiburg im Breisgau . The deed of sale shows that the Lazarite settlement was a double monastery for men and women. The church remained with the Freiburg Hospitallers and their successors, the Heitersheim Maltese , until the secularization in 1806. The religious house of the Lazarites has disappeared; but a successor building carried the name "Lazarusbad" for a long time.

The historical significance of the spring is evident from traditional customs: “In the past, all Schlatter children were immersed in this spring, probably soon after their baptism, and then carried to the Apollinaris altar and there consecrated to the saint by lifting them on the altar. At the end of the 18th century, a farmer was punished by the Heitersheim government for not giving his child to St. Apollinaris wanted to 'carry'. "

The oldest parts of the church, from the Lazarite period, are the basement of the tower and the choir arch wall. The choir, the sacristy and the bell storey of the tower probably date from the 15th century. According to the year carved into the middle window on the north side, the nave was mostly made in 1546. It was extended to the west according to a year 1603 that was formerly visible above the west portal. The organ gallery was enlarged, which happened again in the 19th century, so that it gives a somewhat oversized impression. 1969 and 1991 the church was renovated.

Floor plan, without drawing the gallery

building

The church stands, surrounded by the former cemetery, the walls of which have been partially preserved, somewhat hidden on the south-eastern edge of the village, at the foot of a hill called "Schlatter Berg" or "Lazaritenberg", at the eastern end of Lazaritenstraße. The "Lazarus spring" rises in the north, the water of which flows to the west as the "Schlatter Bächle". The simple plastered building is entered through a pointed arched portal in the west. A portal in the north wall is walled up. The flat-roofed nave is illuminated by two ogival windows and, in the west extension, one round-arched window. A pointed triumphal arch leads into the three-sided, cross-ribbed vaulted choir with pointed arched windows. Only the window in the choir has tracery . A sacristy is attached to the north of the choir and a three-storey tower to the south. The tower has a gable roof. The walls of the two lower floors are pierced at the bottom by loopholes, the walls on the bell floor with large pointed-arched tracery windows.

Furnishing

The oldest furnishings, before 1600, include a sacrament house with tracery on the north choir wall , on the south choir wall, also with tracery, a large rectangular niche, the original meaning of which is unclear, today used for a holy grave , as well as remains of wall paintings, underneath Tendrils on the windows, a saint's head with the writing “bastianus”, meaning a saint Sebastian, a crucifixion and a coronation of Mary . The coats of arms of the Johanniter, the Lords of Staufen and the Lords of Tübingen-Lichteneck are attached above the niche on the southern choir wall .

  • The sacrament house

  • The holy grave

  • Wall painting, possibly Bishop Apollinaris

The rest of the furnishings are baroque. Who made the architecture of the altars is unknown. The high altar is characterized by a large oil painting of the Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian. Next to it are statues of Saints Apollinaris and Maurus , the only works of the church whose artist is known: Johann Baptist Sellinger . The Schlatter church book reports: “In front of the 2 statues SS. Apollinaris M. Mauri Fig. Messrs. Joan. Baptist Sellinger sculptor in Freyburg 9 sester Waitzen a 90 xer makes 7 fl. 30 xer. “Next to the tabernacle two baroque chandelier angels float. The wooden, unmounted pulpit from 1732 is decorated with inlays, the ornaments are gold-colored. The four evangelists are standing by the basket, held in white. It is not certain whether the pulpit was created for the church in Schlatt, or whether it came here later from another church.

  • The high altar

  • St. Apollinaris

  • St. Maurus

  • The pulpit in front of remains of the wall painting

It is not known who created the side altars. The left carries a statue of Maria Immaculata from 1748. The upper picture shows the Trinity . In the right side altar a figure of St. Apollinaris can be seen, designated by the signature: "Sebastian and Cleva Bloser / Donors of St. Apollinaris". The top picture shows how, according to the legend, St. Fridolin brought Ursus back to life , who had given him a large part of the Glarnerland in what is now Switzerland, so that he could testify to the donation against his brother Landolf, who did not want to recognize the donation . Landolf was so impressed when he saw his brother, who had already decayed, appear in court that he also gave Fridolin his part of the Glarnerland. The picture in Schlatt is iconographically remarkable: "The bone man Ursus has a veritable beard!"

  • Immaculata altar

  • Upper picture of the Immaculata altar

  • Apollinaris altar

  • Upper picture of the Apollinaris altar

Four remarkable, wood-carved lecture poles from 1758 are attached to the left and right of the walls of the choir. They are richly decorated and each show three small figures of saints.

  • St. Sebastian (Schlatt) jm124599.jpg
  • St. Sebastian (Schlatt) jm124601.jpg
  • St. Sebastian (Schlatt) jm124603.jpg
  • St. Sebastian (Schlatt) jm124605.jpg
The organ case by Wilhelm Schwarz & Sohn

An organ is first mentioned in 1760 when an old instrument was bought from the old church in Heitersheim. The municipality had to spend 250 guilders and 13 kreuzers for this. In 1816 Xaver Bernauer delivered a new organ from Sraufen , the disposition of which is no longer known. Today's neo-Romanesque-neo-Gothic prospectus comes from an organ built by Wilhelm Schwarz & Sohn in 1888 , into which a new mechanism was built in 1993 by Fischer & Krämer Orgelbau, founded in Schlatt .

The instrument has 14 registers, the playing and register action is purely mechanical.

I main work C – f 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Wooden flute 8th'
3. Salicional 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Transverse flute 4 ′
6th octave 2 ′
7th Mixture III-IV 2 ′
Tremulant
II. Manuals C – d 1
8th. Dumped 8th'
9. Reed flute 4 ′
10. Flageolet 2 '
11. Nasard as an advance copy 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – d 1
12. Sub bass 16 ′
13. Octave bass 8th'
14th flute 4 ′

literature

  • Franz Xaver Kraus (Ed.): Schlatt. In: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Freiburg district, Verlag JCB Mohr, Tübingen and Leipzig 1904, pp. 460-462 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Peter Kuner: St. Sebastian Bad Krozingen-Schlatt. Harald Lipp publishing house, Bittelbronn (Horb) 1993.
  • Theodor Kurrus: Fridolin cult in Schlatt im Breisgau. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. 77, 1957, pp 323-326 ( freidok.uni-freiburg.de PDF).
  • State Monuments Office Baden-Württemberg and District Office Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald: District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. List of cultural monuments. Volume I: The architectural and art monuments of the former Freiburg district. Freiburg im Breisgau 1974.
  • Schlatt. In: Discover regional studies online in Baden-Württemberg ( leo-bw.de ).
  • Dagmar Zimdars (ed.): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ). Volume: Baden-Württemberg II. Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag 1997. ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 649.

Web links

Commons : St. Sebastian  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kraus: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. 1904.
  2. ↑ a b c Kurrus: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. 1957.
  3. ↑ a b Kuner: St. Sebastian Bad Krozingen-Schlatt. 1993.
  4. ^ Hermann Brommer: Johann Baptist Sellinger. A Baroque sculptor from Breisgau (1714–1779). Works and importance in art history. In: Schau-ins-Land 81, 1963, pp. 66–98, here pp. 73–74.
  5. ↑ Kuner, p. 12
  6. ↑ Kuner, p. 13; Bernd Sulzmann : Historical organs in Baden. 1690–1890 , Schnell & Steiner publishing house. Munich and Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7954-0421-5 , p. 80
  7. ↑ Bernd Sulzmann: Sources and documents about the life and work of the organ maker family Bernauer-Schuble in the Markgräflerland. In: Acta Organologica Volume 13, 1979, p. 166.

Coordinates: 47 ° 55 ′ 23.2 "  N , 7 ° 40 ′ 40.4"  E