doctrine

A doctrine (from Latin doctrina 'doctrine') is a system of views and statements; often with the claim to have general validity.

In political parlance, the doctrine is understood as the government's political guideline . It is unilaterally declared by this and does not constitute a document under international law . The foreign policy doctrines of the US presidents and, in the former real socialist states, Marxism-Leninism as a state doctrine are known above all .

In his religious-philosophical treatise The Religion within the Limits of Mere Reason , Immanuel Kant formulated his transition from criticism to doctrine in 1793 .

Examples

Monroe Doctrine (1823) on political isolation and prohibition of intervention in the USA
Calvo Doctrine (1868) for the waiver of foreign investors ' diplomatic protection rights
Drago Doctrine (1907) prohibiting the use of force to collect national debts
Hoover-Stimson Doctrine (1932) condemning the Japanese occupation of Manchuria
Yoshida Doctrine (around 1946) on Japanese foreign policy
Truman Doctrine (1947) on the global fight against totalitarianism
Hallstein Doctrine (1955) to prevent recognition of the GDR
Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) for the authorization to take action against communist aggression with all available means (including the use of nuclear weapons)
Europe of the Fatherlands (around 1960) to maintain nation states as a guideline for European integration
Ulbricht Doctrine (1967) to prevent recognition of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Eastern Bloc
Brezhnev Doctrine (1968) on the “limited sovereignty” of the socialist states , replaced in 1989 by Gorbachev's Sinatra Doctrine
Nixon Doctrine (1969) on US foreign policy in Asia with a view to Vietnam
Carter Doctrine (1980), military threatening gesture from US President Jimmy Carter to the USSR after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Reagan Doctrine (1985) on 1980s U.S. Foreign Policy and Proxy Wars
Bush Doctrine (also called Wolfowitz Doctrine , 2002) for the general possibility of intervention in order to carry out preventive military interventions when security threats are only suspected

The Essential Facilities Doctrine (first applied in 1912) is an economic policy doctrine derived from US law for the forced granting of licenses and rights of use in order to maintain competition among dominant companies.
Various financial doctrines deal with rescuing states or companies in crisis :
- Bail-out policy as a general term for the rescue of threatened states, municipalities or companies
- Too Big to Fail for rescuing companies or local authorities that are regarded as systemically important in times of crisis
- Lender of last resort as a rescue institution that still helps when other creditors are no longer willing.

Heiko Meiertöns: The doctrines of US security policy - evaluation of international law and its influence on international law , ISBN 3-8329-1904-X .

Wiktionary: Doctrine - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations