Stanislau Stankewitsch

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Stanislau Stankevich ( Belarusian Станіслаў Станкевіч , Stanislaŭ Stankevič , English Stanislaw Stankievich ; born February 23, 1907 near Ashyany , Vilnius Governorate , Russian Empire (now Belarus); † November 3, 1980 in New York ) was a Belarusian politician and anti-communist. During the German occupation he was mayor of the city of Baryssau and was jointly responsible for the murder of six thousand Jews.

Life

Stankewitsch studied Slavic studies and received his doctorate in humanities from the University of Vilnius in 1936 . He taught Belarusian and literature at the high school in Dzisna .

Second World War

At the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , he taught in the Belarusian town of Nawahrudak, which was then part of the Soviet Union . Immediately after the invasion he was standartenführer Franz Six as a "steward" for the Vorkommando the German Einsatzgruppe B operates. The occupying power installed him as mayor of the city of Baryssau in the summer of 1941 . Stankewitsch resettled the approximately 8,000 Jews living there in the poorest part of the village and had a wall built around the ghetto . At the direction of the SS , he introduced a tax on Jews.

On October 20, 1941, units of the Belarusian auxiliary police, together with SS officers and soldiers, some of whom came from Latvia, on behalf of Stankevich, murdered up to 7,000 of the 8,000 Jews living in the city. The night before, the mayor had organized a “wild party” for the police. In the mass murder, the still living victims had to arrange the bodies of those who had already been shot to save space and cover them with a thin layer of sand before they were shot themselves. In addition, Stankevitsch instructed his troops to shoot through with one shot by two people in order to save ammunition. According to his own account, Stankewitsch was not present during the massacre, but had withdrawn to the country.

He was then promoted to head of the Belarusian Central Council for the entire region around Baranavichy . As before in Baryssau, Stankevich interned the 15,000 Jews of the city in a ghetto immediately after he had taken over the administration of Baranavichy in the spring of 1942 in order to prepare for their extermination.

When the Red Army advanced to Belarus, Stankewitsch went to Germany, where from August 1944 he published the Belarusian nationalist and anti-communist weekly newspaper Ranica ("Der Morgen"), which was aimed at Belarusians living in Germany and aimed at recruiting for the Waffen SS tried.

post war period

After the war, from May 1945 Stankewitsch was housed in the Amberg Displaced Persons (DP) camp in the American zone of occupation . Then he worked as a teacher in the DP camps in Regensburg and Michelsdorf . From the end of 1946 to May 1950, he then headed the DP camp in Osterhofen , making use of authoritarian means. At the same time he began to publish the newspaper Bazkauschschyna ("Fatherland"). Also, on 31 October 1947 by the United Nations at the request of the Byelorussian SSR adopted resolution , the Stankevich as a war criminal called, which the US has granted unlawfully shelter, without consequences.

After 1950 Stankewitsch was responsible for language teaching at the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in Munich. An application to emigrate to the USA under the Displaced Persons Act was rejected by the responsible committee on the grounds that Stankewitsch had published a pro-German propaganda newspaper during the war and was an “opportunist through and through” who changed his political attitude and loyalty is only concerned with one's own advantage. So he is a security risk. Stankewitsch then lived on in the DP camp in Rosenheim and earned 600 DM per month as the editor of his newspaper. In June 1950 he traveled to the assembly of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations in Edinburgh as a representative of the Beloruthenian Central Council and was elected to the central committee of this secretly funded by the CIA organization.

After his return to Germany he became chairman of the "Institute for Research on the USSR" in Munich, which was also financed by the CIA. He also worked for Radio Free Europe . He became vice-president of the Rada of the Belarusian People's Republic , led by Mikola Abramtschyk , an anti-Soviet Belarusian government in exile. After Stankevich had boasted about his role in the Baryssau massacre of other Belarusian emigrants, the contact at the Office of Policy Coordination was asked whether it would be wise to work with a notorious war criminal. But it was countered that Stankewitsch was too important a source.

In 1959, Stankevich received a visa from the American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia , which enabled him to emigrate to the United States . He settled in New York City . Frank G. Wisner's CIA unit worked with the Immigration and Naturalization Service to ensure that Stankewitsch received a re-entry permit that enabled him to travel repeatedly to Germany and back. Hardly any other well-known Nazi collaborator who had confessed to his murders had such a great freedom of travel. In March 1969 he was granted American citizenship. The representative of the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) John Loftus initiated proceedings against Stankewitsch in 1980, which could have led to his expatriation and expulsion from the USA. Before he could be heard before the federal court, however, he died on November 3, 1980.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b CIA document on Stanislau Stankewitsch (English)
  2. ^ A b Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. The Case of the Byelorussian Central Council. University of Vermont Graduate College Dissertations and Theses, No. 424, 2015, p. 4.
  3. ↑ Enzykljapedyja electric Naja. Entry Станкевіч Станіслаў (Stankevič Stanislaŭ), edited by Sjarg Jorsch.
  4. ↑ CIA document (English)
  5. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. The Case of the Byelorussian Central Council. University of Vermont Graduate College Dissertations and Theses, No. 424, 2015, p. 4.
  6. ^ Leonid Rein: The Kings And The Pawns. Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II. Pp. 97-98.
  7. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. The Case of the Byelorussian Central Council. University of Vermont Graduate College Dissertations and Theses, No. 424, 2015, p. 40.
  8. ↑ Borisov , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Volume 1. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009, p. 68
  9. ^ Morris Riley: Philby. The hidden years. Janus Publishing Company, London 1999, p. 37.
  10. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 41.
  11. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 41.
  12. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 42.
  13. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 42.
  14. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 74.
  15. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 80.
  16. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 80.
  17. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, pp. 80–81.
  18. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 86.
  19. ↑ Paul Kohl: "I am amazed that I am still alive": Soviet eyewitnesses report. Gütersloher publishing house G. Mohn. 1990, p. 268
  20. ^ Morris Riley: Philby. The hidden years. Janus Publishing Company, London 1999, p. 42.
  21. ↑ John Loftus: America's Nazi Secret. TrineDay LCC 2010, p. 215
  22. ^ Morris Riley: Philby. The hidden years. Janus Publishing Company, London 1999, p. 43.
  23. ^ John Loftus: The Belarus Secret. Knopf, New York 1982, p. 122.
  24. ^ Brian Murphy, Lawyer-Turned-Crusader Pays Price for Probe of Nazis in US In: Los Angeles Times , October 23, 1988.
  25. ↑ Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. 2015, p. 119.
personal data
SURNAME Stankewitsch, Stanislau
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belarusian politician, Nazi collaborator and anti-communist
DATE OF BIRTH February 23, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH near Aschmjany , Vilnius Governorate , Russian Empire (now Belarus)
DATE OF DEATH 3rd November 1980
Place of death New York City