Star balm
| Star balm | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Zaluzianskya capensis | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Walp. |
The rating Balsam ( Zaluzianskya capensis ), also Fragrant night Phlox called, is a plant from the genus Zaluzianskya within the family of Figworts (Scrophulariaceae). It is common in South Africa.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Zaluzianskya capensis grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of up to 50 centimeters. There are fiber roots formed. The ascending to upright, hard and slender stems rarely lignify anything at their base and branch out from the bottom. The stems are more or less shaggy hairy to almost bald.
The counter and / or alternate arranged on the stem leaves are usually sitting stalked up hardly recognizable. In young plants, some leaves are basal together. The leaf blade is relatively long and narrow with a length of 1 to 5 centimeters, linear or the lowest lanceolate with a blunt upper end and a smooth or serrated edge, a leaf vein is recognizable.
Generative characteristics
A few to many stalked flowers are at the end of the stem, in the armpits at most 2.5 centimeters long, ciliate, leaf-like leaves, in an elongated, spiked inflorescence . The flower buds are deep wine-red on the outside and look like a drumstick, hence the common English name drumsticks.
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are 8 to 13 millimeters long and two-lobed deep, the calyx lobes are ciliate and serrated at the top. The five petals purple to brown on the outside and white on the inside are fused tubular. The corolla tube is hairy glandular and downy on the outside and widens to a throat with a diameter of 7.5 to 16.5 millimeters. The free areas of the petals are deeply bilobed. The center of the phlox-like (hence the common name night phlox) flower is clearly yellow. There are two pairs of stamens, the upper one just overhanging the corolla. The style is about as long or slightly longer than the corolla tube.
The bald, bilobed capsule fruit is 10 to 13 millimeters long and contains many seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Flower biology
The flowering time is in the South African summer from sometimes as early as March, mostly between May and November, occasionally until December. The star balm opens its flowers in the evening or after sunset and they stay open until early morning; they close slowly until they are completely closed at noon and remain closed until the next evening. Its sweet scent, reminiscent of almonds and marzipan, fills the air, especially on long summer nights. It is believed that pollination is carried out by nocturnal insects, for example moths of the Sphingidae family .
Spread and endangerment
Zaluzianskya capensis is widespread in the South African provinces of the North, Eastern and Western Cape. In the monitoring program of the Red List of Threatened Plant Species in South Africa, this species has not yet been processed and so no assessments of the threat are available.
Systematics
The first publication took place in 1771 under the name ( Basionym ) Erinus capensis by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum editionis VI & specierum editionis II. Holmiae , p. 252. The specific epithet capensis refers to the origin from the Cape region. The new combination to Zaluzianskya capensis (L.) Walp. was published by Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers in Repertorium Botanices Systematicae (Walpers) , III, p. 307. The generic name honors the Bohemian doctor and botanist Adam Zaluziansky von Zaluzian (Adam Zaluzansky von Zaluzan) (1558 - 1613). Synonyms for Zaluzianskya capensis (L.) Walp. are: Erinus aethiopicus Thunb. , Nycterinia capensis (L.) Benth. , Nycterinia coriacea Benth. , Nycterinia dentata Benth. , Nycterinia longiflora Benth. , Zaluzianskya coriacea (Benth.) Walp. , Zaluzianskya dentata (Benth.) Walp. , Zaluzianskya longiflora (Benth.) Walp. All (for example, the four by Walpers) described subtaxa are synonyms.
Zaluzianskya capensis belongs to the Nycterinia section in the genus Zaluzianskya .
use
The star balm can be used as an annual bedding or pot plant. The varieties are characterized by a long flowering time and an intense fragrance. The species thrives best in nutrient-rich, loose, well-drained soils that should be kept well moist during the summer. Propagation can be done by cuttings or seeds. Aphids can appear on pests .
literature
- Benjamin Festus, July 2013: Zaluzianskya capensis - data sheet at PlantZAfrica.com of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI.
- WP Here: Flora Capensis , Volume 4, 1904, p. 121 Zaluzianskya capensis - data sheet at JSTOR with photos of herbarium material and the text from the Flora Capensis .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Zaluzianskya capensis in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved February 21, 2015
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Benjamin Festus, July 2013: Zaluzianskya capensis - data sheet at PlantZAfrica.com of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI. ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g WP Hiern: Flora Capensis , Volume 4, 1904, p. 121 Zaluzianskya capensis - data sheet at JSTOR.
- ↑ Zaluzianskya capensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Natalie Fassmann: Fragrant plants . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-5917-8 , pp. 12-14 .
- ^ A b Jenny K. Archibald, Mark E. Mort, Andrea D. Wolfe: Phylogenetic Relationships within Zaluzianskya (Scrophulariaceae s. S., Tribe Manuleeae): Classification Based on DNA Sequences from Multiple Genomes and Implications for Character Evolution and Biogeography . In: Systematic Botany . tape 30 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 196–215 , doi : 10.1600 / 0363644053661977 (English).
- ↑ Zaluzianskya capensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 21, 2015.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
