Multi-storey building

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Story building at the beginning of the 19th century

The Stockwerksbau is a mining method which in deposits is applied, in which the minerals irregular in rock mass are distributed. The minerals are located in so-called ore kidneys. The remaining parts of such deposits consist of waste rock. In principle, this process is similar to chamber construction , however, instead of rectangular, round chambers are formed.

The procedure

In order to exploit the deposit with this method , stretches of soil are driven into the deposit at saiger intervals of 20 meters , initially starting from the shaft . As soon as a worthy ore kidney is approached, it is dismantled and a round chamber up to 16 meters high and 12-14 meters wide is created. The mining direction is diametrically in all directions. The Verhiebrichtung corresponds to the working direction, the Verhiebart is firstenbauartig. As soon as the first round chamber has been created, the next ore kidney is approached by means of a bottom cross passage and its widenings are opened up. Care is taken to ensure that the next part of the deposit that you want to mine is also of sufficient building worthiness. For safety reasons, pillars made of waste rock are left between the individual extraction chambers . These pillars must be strong enough to support the entire structure. This design results in several hose-like openings that give a round shape in plan and a vault-like shape in vertical section.

particularities

So that the rest of the rock still has sufficient load-bearing capacity, the excavation chambers are designed so that the hanging wall can support itself. Accumulating mountains are set up as pillars in the widened areas and serve as a stand for the miners during their work. The mountains pillars are then up to the ridges filled the chamber to serve as additional support for the hanging wall. If the pillars between the extraction chambers are not built strong enough, this can have far-reaching consequences due to the rock pressure . It can ultimately lead to a daybreak above the mined deposit .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Frey (Ed.): Luegers Lexicon of the entire technology and its auxiliary sciences. First volume A to drilling, third completely revised edition, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart, Berlin and Leipzig 1926
  2. ↑ a b F. Heise, F. Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1908
  3. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871
  4. ^ A b c d Emil Stöhr, Emil Treptow : Basics of mining science including processing. Spielhagen & Schurich publishing bookstore, Vienna 1892.
  5. ↑ a b c d Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884
  6. ^ Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Hrsg.): Ore mining in the Rammelsberg. Self-published by the Förderverein, Druck Papierflieger Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Goslar 2009
  7. ^ A b Wilhelm Leo: Textbook of mining science. Printed and published by G Basse, Quedlinburg 1861