Stocznia Modlińska

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Stocznia Modlińska
legal form State company
founding 1928
resolution 1939/1945
Reason for dissolution German occupation of Poland in 1939
Seat Modlin , Poland
Number of employees over 1,000 (1930s)
Branch shipbuilding

Patrol boats of the Modlin shipyard

The Stocznia Modlińska was a Polish inland shipyard in Modlin , which existed from 1928 until the Second World War . She became famous for building ships for the Polish Navy in the 1930s.

history

prehistory

The shipyard was built in the Narew river port of the Modlin fortress during the Russian rule in the mid-19th century and initially served as a repair shop for the fortress' ships. The port and shipyard were only a few meters from the confluence of the Narew and Vistula ; about 30 kilometers northwest of Warsaw and about 300 kilometers from the Baltic Sea.

After Polish independence was regained in 1918, the first units of the Polish Navy were formed in Modlin, and the port there became the Navy's first naval port. A repair shop for ships had existed for a long time and the capacities for supplying the fortress by ship were gradually expanded. The shipyard served the armed forces as a base, on which repairs and conversions were carried out. The navy received the formerly German boat M-52 , which they had converted into the diving ship ORP Nurek in Modlin in 1922 . It was only replaced by the new ORP Nurek building of the same name in 1936 and deleted from the list of warships on December 1, 1936. In 1926, the shipyard built a paddle steamer as a ferry for the Polish Ministry of Transport with around 180 tons and a length of 27 meters.

Foundation and development

Patrol boat Mazur

The shipyard received a significant boost in 1928. After the units of the naval flotilla were relocated to Pinsk on March 1, 1928 , the naval port in Modlin was closed, the previous central workshop was converted into the Stocznia Modlińska , the Modliner shipyard, and that in the same month formed state company Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii (PZInż) assigned. This was formed on March 19, 1928 from several state factories and institutes and became the most important manufacturer of military and civil vehicles in Poland. The Modliner shipyard remained the only shipyard in the group.

Patrol boat Batory

The shipyard built barges and a few smaller seagoing vessels. Engines from various manufacturers were bought in to drive the ships - such as Ursus licensed buildings from Nohab engines, Kermath , Beardmore or Maybach . Only selective information is available on the history of the shipyard: while data on shipbuilding for the Polish customs and the Polish navy are well known, only photo documents are available for civil repair or new building orders and only isolated information on the company's history. The shipyard was of particular importance for the Polish Navy, as the Polish Navy approached the shipyard in 1932 after the four patrol boats Mazur , Kaszub , Ślązak and the slightly larger Batory for the Polish border guard were built.

Mine sweeper ORP Rybitwa

In view of the global economic crisis, the Navy planned to have four new minesweepers built in Poland to replace the four formerly German minesweepers Czajka (ex FM 2 ), Jaskółka (ex FM 27 ), Mewa (ex FM 28 ) and Rybitwa (ex FM 31 ) . Since the country's most experienced shipbuilding engineers worked at the Modlin shipyard, it was commissioned to deliver the designs for the new Jaskółka class and, originally, also to build all the boats. However, since the shipyard did not have the capacity to build four minesweepers at the same time, the orders and construction plans for two of the ships were passed on to shipyards in Gdynia . In 1935 she delivered the two minesweepers ORP Rybitwa and ORP Czajka . A year earlier the shipyard had built River Monitor Nieuchwytny . Before the start of the war, she delivered the armored guard boat KU-30 to the Navy in June 1939 .

Monitor ORP Nieuchwytny

During these years the shipyard had developed into the largest inland shipyard in the country and the largest employer in Modlin. In the 1930s, over 1,000 people worked there - a number that indicates more than just naval orders.

Second World War and the end of the shipyard

During the Second World War, the German occupying power continued to use the shipyard until the end of 1944, without any details of activities, ship repairs or new builds being available. The use is also documented in the biography of Stanisław Sołdek , namesake of the first ship built in Poland after the Second World War, the Sołdek . He worked on the Stocznia Modlińska from 1931 to 1940. After the Soviet Dnieper flotilla, which was temporarily stationed there in March 1945 , withdrew, it turned out that the shipyard's equipment had been removed. The shipyard then stopped operating.

Construction list (selection)

delivery Ship name Ship type measurement Dimensions Client Remarks
1926 Przewoz II Passenger paddle steamer approx. 180 tons 27.10 x 12.40 x 0.90 Ministry of Transport, Warsaw August 1939 by the Polish Army, taken over by the Wehrmacht in September 1939 , sunk near Blomberg in 1945 , lifted in 1950 and commissioned as Wodnik , scrapped in 1968.
1931 Pilot II Pilot boat 11 GRT 11.50 x 2.80 x 1.30 Port Authority of Gdansk August 1939 Polish Navy, sunk in September, lifted by the Kriegsmarine , intended for Operation Sea Lion , further whereabouts unclear.
1932 Mazur Patrol boat approx. 17 tons 13.50 x 2.80 x 0.80 Polish border guard September 1, 1939 Polish Navy, self-sunk on October 2, lifted by the Navy, Rewa transport boat from the Gotenhafen naval equipment station; 1947 returned.
1932 Kaszub Patrol boat approx. 17 tons 13.50 x 2.80 x 0.80 Polish border guard Sister ship of the Mazur , September 1, 1939 Polish Navy, sunk on October 2, taken over by the Kriegsmarine as diver 1 , 1945 British RN596 ; sank after return in 1947.
1932 Ślązak Patrol boat approx. 17 tons 13.50 x 2.80 x 0.80 Polish border guard Sister ship of the Mazur , sunk on September 1, 1939, lifted by the Navy, as a sparrow and panther with different. Units, 1945 British RN52 , returned in 1947, broken up in 1961.
1932 Batory Patrol boat approx. 25 tons 23.60 x 3.60 x 1.00 Polish border guard September 1, 1939 Polish Navy, October 1, 1939, escaped to Sweden and interned until 1945, after returning patrol boat Hel 7 , Listopada , Dzerzhinsky and KP-1 ; Museum object since 2009.
1934 Nieuchwytny River monitor 38.5 tons 23.00 x 4.00 x 0.62 Polish Navy Sunk September 9, 1939, German watch cutter Pionier , sunk himself in 1945, Polish Okon in 1947 , out of service in 1957.
1935 Rybitwa Minesweeper 203 tons (max.) 45.00 x 5.50 x 1.55 Polish Navy Sunk himself on October 2, 1939; lifted, German torpedo catcher Rixhöft and TFA 8 ; 1945 German mine clearance service , returned in 1946 and in service as a training ship, minesweeper and guard boat until 1970.
1935 Czajka Minesweeper 203 tons (max.) 45.00 x 5.50 x 1.55 Polish Navy Sunk himself on October 2, 1939; lifted, German torpedo catcher TFA 11 ; 1945 German mine clearance service, returned in 1946 and in service as a training ship, minesweeper and guard boat until 1970.
1939 KU-30 armored guard boat 9 tons 14.00 x 2.70 x 0.45 Polish Navy Sunk September 28, 1939 himself; Lifted in 1940 and transferred to Germany, 1945 on the Havel, whereabouts unclear;

literature

  • Maciej Neumann: Flota II Rzeczypospolitej i jej okręty [The fleet of the Second Republic and its ships] , Wydawnictwo LTW, Łomianki 2013, ISBN 978-83-7565-309-0 .
  • Stanisław M. Piaskowski: Okręty Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1920–1946 [The Ships of the Republic of Poland 1920–1946] , Planów album, Warsaw 1996, ISBN 83-900217-2-2 .
  • Jan Piwowoński: Flota spod biało-czerwonej [Fleet under white and red] , [Publisher] Nasza Księgarnia, Warsaw 1989, ISBN 83-10-08902-3 .
  • Marek Twardowski: The Jaskolka Class Minesweepers , in: Warships. A quarterly Journal of warship history 15 (1980) , Conway Maritime Press, London, pp. 167-179, ISBN 0-85177-207-2 .
  • Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945, Volume 6: Port operations vehicles (II: excavators, recovery and diving vehicles, icebreakers, tugs, transport vehicles), yachts and Avisos, landing associations (I) , Bernard & Graefe Verlag , Koblenz 1989, ISBN 3-7637-4805-9 .
  • Erich Gröner, Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945, Volume 8/1: River vehicles, Ujäger, outpost boats, auxiliary minesweepers, coastal protection associations (Part 1) , Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-7637-4807- 5 .
  • Erich Gröner, Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945, Volume 8/2: Outpost boats, auxiliary minesweepers, coastal protection associations (part 2), small combat associations, dinghies . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-7637-4807-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki: Pomnik kolebki Marynarki Wojennej II RP (Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki: Monument to the Cradle of the Polish Navy ) at polskaniezwykla.pl
  2. ↑ a b c d e Piwowonski, p. 277
  3. ^ Neumann, p. 204
  4. ↑ a b Gröner, Volume 8/1, p. 54f.
  5. ↑ Waldemar Danielewicz: Lodołamacz Rekin - weteran dolnej Wisły (icebreaker "Rekin" - veteran of the lower Vistula) at magnum-x.pl
  6. ^ Chronicle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, p. 15
  7. ↑ Twardowski, pp. 167f.
  8. ↑ ORP Nieuchwytny at zychlin-historia.com.pl (PDF)
  9. ↑ a b c d Gröner, Volume 8/1, p. 53
  10. ^ Chronicle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, p. 15
  11. ↑ Entry Stanislaw Soldek in the Danzig encyclopedia "Gedanopedia"
  12. ↑ Commemorative publication by Powiat Nowodworski at the beginning of the war in 1939, p. 2 (PDF)
  13. ↑ Gröner Volume 8/2, p. 495f.
  14. ↑ Gröner Volume 6, p. 192
  15. ^ Neumann, p. 236
  16. ^ Neumann, p. 238
  17. ^ Neumann, p. 241
  18. ↑ a b Twardowski, p. 170
  19. ^ Neumann, p. 153
  20. ↑ a b Piwowonski, p. 274
  21. ^ Neumann, p. 155