Orleans tram

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
tram
Orleans tram
image
Basic information
Country France
city Orleans
opening November 20, 2000
operator Keolis Orléans Val de Loire
Transport network TAO
Infrastructure
Route length 29.3 km
Gauge 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Power system 750 V DC overhead line and APS
Stops 48
business
Lines 2
Clock in the peak hours 7-8 min
Cruising speed 23 km / h (line A)
vehicles 22 Alstom Citadis 301
21 Citadis 302
Top speed 70 km / h
statistics
Passengers 78,000 per day (2014)
Network plan

The Orléans tram ( French Tramway d'Orléans ) is a tram company in the French city ​​of Orléans , which has experienced a renaissance in recent years. The first network in Orléans existed between 1877 and 1938. Since 2000, a tram line has crossed the city again, and another followed in June 2012. The operator company was SETAO ( Société d'exploitation des transports de l'agglomération Orléanaise ) until December 2011 . Since then, Keolis Orléans Val de Loire has operated the transport network consisting of trams and buses, which is marketed under the name TAO ( Transports de l'agglomération orléanaise ).

The historic tram

Orléans already owned a tram line at the end of the 19th century, which was initially operated as a horse-drawn tram . It was opened on May 6, 1877 and, in June of the following year, was 4.1 kilometers long from Les Aydes in the north of the city to the southern city limits. In 1897 it was extended beyond Les Aydes to Bel Air, in 1899 then in a southerly direction to the Loiret bridge Pont d'Olivet - and at the same time electrified. On June 28, 1899, it was reopened as a 8.5-kilometer, regular-gauge electric tram.

Between 1903 and 1909 three more routes or lines were added:

  • Line 2: Madeleine suburb - Place du Martroi - Train station - Saint-Vincent (6.7 km)
  • Line 3: Suburb of Bourgogne - Place du Martroi - Suburb Saint-Jean (5.9 km)
  • Line 4: Cemetery - Train Station - Place du Martroi - Botanical Garden (4.8 km)

As early as 1909, the network created in this way had reached its greatest expansion with four routes with a total route length of 26 kilometers. The routes were single-track with passing points. All lines met at the Place du Martroi in the north of the city center . The depot and power station were on Rue du Faubourg Bannier .

Line 4 was discontinued in 1921, followed by line 1 in December 1934. In 1938, the city bought the operating company and stopped tram operations on March 31 of that year.

  • Railcar on the bridge Pont George V over the Loire , in the background the sloping Rue Royale

  • Hub Place du Martroi

  • The Rue Jeanne d'Arc ends at the cathedral , today there is a power rail instead of the overhead line

  • Alternative point in the suburb of Bourgogne, 1906

The new tram since 2000

Citadis 301 on line A under catenary at the Place du Général de Gaulle, on the crossing line B there are two Citadis 302 in busbar operation
Depot (left) and grass track to the Hôpital de La Source terminus
System changeover point for line B at the Eugène Vignat stop, the power rails are located between the rails
Two Citadis 301 on line A (Place du Général de Gaulle), a power rail for the single-track connection to line B, which branches off to the right, begins on the right track
Citadis 302 on line B on a test drive
Citadis 302 on Place Halmagrand, power supply via the conductor rail with the pantograph lowered

In the 1990s, the idea of ​​reintroducing the tram emerged. In 1995, the previous plans began to be concretized and put into practice. After the public benefit for the project ( Déclaration d'utilité publique ) was established in July 1998 , construction could begin. Since November 27, 2000 a tram has been running again in Orléans, initially on line A.

Line A

Line A crosses the city in a north-south direction and connects the terminus Jules Verne in Fleury-les-Aubrais with the Hôpital de La Source in the southern district of Orléans-La Source. It serves the long-distance train station Gare des Aubrais in the north of the city , the inner-city terminus station Gare d'Orléans , the inner cities of Orléans and Olivet as well as the campus of the University of Orléans and the hospital Hôpital de La Source in the south. The Loire is crossed by the tram on the Pont George V bridge .

On a route length of 18 kilometers, Line A has 24 stops, at six of them P + R parking lots have been set up to make it easier to switch to the tram.

Power is supplied via an overhead line that is fed with 750 V direct current. The depot is located near the Hôpital de La Source stop . It is equipped with a washing facility, a workshop and a storage facility.

Line B

After long deliberations, a public hearing ( Enquête publique ) was carried out in the spring of 2007 , which advocated the construction of a second tram line in a west-east direction through the historic city center. In January 2008, the public benefit for the project was confirmed, so that construction work could begin. In September 2008, the European Investment Bank (EIB) approved a loan of 175 million euros for the expansion.

The new line will be marketed under the name CLEO ( Concevoir la liaison Est-Ouest de l'agglo orléanaise - construction of a west-east connection in the Orléans agglomeration).

Route

Line B runs in an east-west direction north of the Loire and roughly parallel to it and connects four municipalities over a distance of 11.8 kilometers. 25 stops and six P + R spaces were built. 90% of the line runs on its own track, with a large part of the route, namely the sections west of the Pont de l'Europe station and east of the Halmagrand station, being designed as grass track .

The western terminus of Georges Pompidou is in La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin . It has 170 parking spaces, which are intended to encourage commuters from the western area to change to the tram. There is also a connection point with the bus network.

The municipality of Ingré is only crossed by trams on line B for a distance of 300 meters. It is served by the Trois Fontaines stop in the neighboring municipality.

Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle has four stops: Trois Fontaines , Martin Luther King , Rol Tanguy , Pont de l'Europe . Two of these stops have park and ride car parks.

In the city of Orléans, line B has fourteen stops: Porte Dunoise , Beaumonts , Madeleine , Croix Morin , De Gaulle (change to line A), Jeanne d'Arc , Cathédrale-Hôtel de Ville , Halmagrand , Eugène Vignat , Guy Marie Riobé , Droits de l'Homme , Mozart , Grand Villiers and Ambert . With the two stops Jeanne d'Arc and Cathédrale-Hôtel de Ville , the historical center is also served by public transport again .

The stations Gaudier-Brzeska , Pont Bordeau , Verville , Clos de l'Arche and Léon Blum-Mairie are located in Saint-Jean-de-Bray , with the possibility of changing to the buses. The eastern terminus, Clos du Hameau, is also equipped with a P + R facility. The tram depot for line B is also located in Saint-Jean-de-Bray.

In the historic city center, the APS system made it possible to dispense with the installation of an overhead line between the Madeleine and Eugène Vignat stops . The De Gaulle stop on Line A at the western end of Rue Jeanne d'Arc was converted into a transfer hub between the two lines, and a connecting track was also laid between the two lines. The total cost of the project was 395 million euros. The official opening took place on June 29, 2012.

Start of operations

The test drives on the new route began on October 15, 2011 between the stops Ambert in Orléans and Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye . On this 533 meter long section of the route, the driving behavior of the individual sets, e.g. B. when accelerating and braking are checked. The official opening took place on June 29, 2012, and scheduled operations started one day later.

Rolling stock

22 Alstom Citadis 301 trams and 21 Citadis 302 trams will be used.

The Citadis 301 were ordered to operate on Line A and have been running on this since November 20, 2000. They are 29.9 meters long and 2.32 meters wide. Due to the lack of APS equipment, they cannot travel on line B.

For line B, Keolis Orléans Val de Loire ordered 21 Citadis 302, which are slightly longer (32.3 meters) and wider (2.40 meters) than the Citadis 301. They also have a modified head design and the APS system . They can be used on both lines. A Citadis 302 unit costs 2.05 million euros.

Operating times

Line A runs from 4 a.m. to 12:40 a.m., on Sundays from 6:40 a.m. Line B is operated from 4:30 a.m. to 12:15 a.m., on Sundays from 7 a.m. The trains run every 6–8 minutes Monday to Friday, every 8–10 minutes on Saturday and every 15–30 minutes on Sundays and public holidays.

literature

  • Pierre Bazin: Mémoire en Images - Trains et Tramways d'Orléans . Editions Alan Sitton, Saint-Avertin 2017, ISBN 978-2-8138-0517-1 , pp. 128 (French, comprehensive overview with many photos).
  • François Laisney: Atlas du Tramway dans les villes françaises . Éditions Recherches, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-86222-067-3 , pp. 264–273 (French, from the perspective of architecture and urban development).

Web links

Commons : Orléans Tram  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b (en) Orléans-Val-de-Loire Tramway, Orléans, Loiret, France on railway-technology.com
  2. ↑ [1] accessed on December 26, 2017
  3. ^ Project CLEO . 2008. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  4. ↑ a b c European Investment Bank
  5. ↑ les premiers pas de cleo, in Orléans, mag no 92; October 2011
  6. ↑ Christoph Groneck, Robert Schwandl: Tram Atlas France . 1st edition. Robert Schwandl, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-936573-42-8 , pp. 104 .
  7. ↑ Les lignes de Tram timetables and travel times on reseau-tao.fr