Besançon tram

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Besançon tram
image
CAF Urbos at the last stop in Hauts Du Chazal
Basic information
Country France
city Besançon
opening August 30, 2014
operator Ginko
Infrastructure
Route length 14.5 km
Gauge 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Power system 750 V DC overhead line
Stops 31
Depots 1
business
Lines 1
Clock in the peak hours 5 min
Cruising speed 20 km / h
vehicles 19 CAF Urbos 3
Top speed 70 km / h
statistics
Passengers 47,000 per day (forecast)
Network plan
Course of lines 1 and 2

The Besançon tram ( French : Tramway de Besançon ) initially operated in the French city ​​of Besançon from 1897 to 1952 . A new tram went into operation on August 30, 2014 . Their route crosses the city from southwest to northeast, a short branch line leads to Besançon-Viotte station .

Former network from 1897 to 1952

Besançon has been connected to the railroad since April 7, 1856 . The Besançon-Viotte station on the Dole – Belfort railway line became a separation station when the line to Vesoul went into operation on July 22, 1872 . With the Besançon – Le Locle railway line , the second station was Besançon-la Mouillère .

Horse omnibus

As the population grew, the need to create a public transport system grew. The first horse-drawn bus line - whose vehicles were called "Cars Ripert" after their designer Antoine Ripert - went into operation on December 3, 1887. It connected the Viotte station via the city center with the Tarragnoz district. This line was extended to Fontaine de Flore in 1893.

Meter gauge tram

Tram cars on the siding at the corner of Grande-Rue and Rue de la Préfecture
Funiculaire de Bregille

In 1894, Alexandre Grammont and Edmond Faye applied for a concession to build a tram network. On February 27, 1896, a contract was signed for the construction of six single-track, meter-gauge tram lines. The routes included radii of only 17 m and gradients of up to 80 ‰. The operator was the Société des Tramways électriques de Besançon (TEB).

The public utility of the network was declared on May 6, 1896. On March 21, 1897, lines 1 (to the prefecture ) and 2 (to Porte Rivotte) went into operation. Both had their starting point at Viotte station and were subsequently extended. In the same year, lines 3 (Fontaine de Flore – Chaprais), 4 (Gare de Rivotte – Saint-Claude) and 5 (Faubourg de Tarragnoz – Place Jouffroy) were opened. Another line went into operation in 1903, connecting Place Saint-Pierre with Saint-Ferjeux.

From the beginning of the 1910s, the city was also served by two meter-gauge, steam-powered secondary railways :

In 1912 the Compagnie Franco-Belge, which already operated 27 other tram networks, took over the operation of the tram in Besançon. The 19 previous railcars were replaced. 1913 went Funicular Funiculaire de Bregille in operation.

During the Second World War , the route network was badly damaged, and all bridges over the Doubs were blown up in 1940. In 1943, other facilities such as the depot suffered damage from bombing. After the war, the company had to lower prices by order of the state, which increased the company's already enormous deficit. The network was reorganized from 1948, but the first buses appeared four years later. The tram had to stop operating on December 24, 1952.

The network was single-track, and there were switches at several stops. The lines were electrified with 550 V direct current . The depot was located at the Chemin de la Mouillère, it had 13 tracks and had its own power station. The 19 original railcars were built by the Alexandre Grammont works. They were each 7.60 m long, 2 m wide and had an axle base of only 2 m. The platforms were open and there were two longitudinal benches for passengers. The current was tapped via a roller pantograph, braking was performed mechanically.

  • CFD train at Besançon-Rivotte station

  • First generation railcars on Grande-Rue (before 1906)

  • ... at the Hôtel-de-Ville (before 1909)

  • ... on the Pont sur le Canal (before 1915)

  • ... at the Place de Flore

  • ... and on Avenue Carnot (before 1909)

The way to reintroduce a tram

Road infrastructure around Besançon

In view of the conventional bus network reaching its capacity limits, an improvement project developed in 2005 provided for two bus routes with separate bus lanes . This should increase speed and improve comfort . One line should be 11 km, the other 7 km. In the city center, both should share the driveway. One should run from east to west, the other from north to south. So up to 40,000 residents should be developed within a radius of 300 m. In the first phase, the 11 km long line should be built within 5 to 7 years. The route should connect the west with the Viotte train station via the city center, the use of trolleybuses was planned . An improved project in 2007 envisaged a 14 km east-west connection via Viotte train station and the city center. This should replace the two lines planned previously. The use of a trolleybus was expected to take up to 30,000 passengers a day, while a tram should use up to 50,000 passengers a day.

On December 18, 2008, the results of the public survey were announced. The route led from the southwest of the city to the northeast, with a detour to Viotte station . The execution of the construction work was awarded to the companies Egis Rail , Reichen et Robert and Ateliers Ville et Paysages. The Déclaration d'utilité publique was supposed to be signed in spring 2010 and put into operation in spring 2014. But the Ministry of Culture expressed aesthetic concerns about using an overhead line in the historical part of the city, which is why planning was interrupted. The Alimentation Par Sol system was discussed as an alternative, but it is much more expensive.

Finally, at the end of 2009, a new route was found that runs along the banks of the Doubs . The planning was completed in January 2011, and on June 15, 2011, the Prefect of the Doubs department signed the Déclaration d'utilité publique. Construction work began in March 2011 and continued until autumn 2013. The first vehicles have been doing test drives since October 2013, and commissioning took place on August 30, 2014.

Standard gauge tram from 2014

Car 818 at the entrance to the Battant stop

Route network

Line 1 is 14.5 km long and has 31 stops. The Hauts-de-Chazal district is connected to Chaprais via the city center. Every second tram travels the branch line to Viotte station. There are also five park-and-ride spaces with a total of 630 parking spaces. It should be possible to increase their capacity to 1030. A southern extension is planned.

A second line is to connect Chalezeule with the technology park west of Viotte station from 2025 . Template: future / in 5 years

financing

The costs for the first line are estimated at 228 million euros, which results in a kilometer price of 16 million euros. 50% of the project is financed by a loan, 25% by subsidies, 20 million from the city and 30.1 million from the state (Grenelle de l´Environnement), and the remaining 25% with various reserves. On April 30, 2009, the state pledged 30.1 million euros and subsidized public city transport in France with a total of 800 million euros. The costs were kept low, among other things by dispensing with complex design measures and a simple design as well as by procuring standard tram vehicles.

Infrastructure

The line is electrified with a 750 V direct current overhead line and has standard gauge . It is largely two-pronged, except between the Schweitzer and Lilas stops . Some sections have to be shared with other road users. The standard gauge was chosen in order to possibly one day also use tram trains , which enable regional development.

The route crosses the Doubs four times, which necessitated the construction of the Pont Battant. A depot that will be 47,000 m² is being built in Franois . This cost 12 million euros and has a 6,500 m² workshop hall. The vehicles are parked outdoors. The depot was completed in early 2014.

business

The route was built for a daily frequency of 50,000 passengers. At the time of commissioning, 47,000 passengers were expected, during peak traffic times (HVZ) up to 1200 passengers per hour should use the tram. The average speed is 20 km / h, the maximum speed is 70 km / h. Traffic takes place from 5 a.m. to 1 a.m., during peak hours a tram runs every five minutes. The commissioning was accompanied by a restructuring of the entire bus network of the Ginko transport company.

vehicles

Urbos 3 - each vehicle bears the name and portrait of an important person from the history of Franche-Comté

After the invitation to tender, the Spanish manufacturer CAF was commissioned to manufacture and maintain 19 low-floor Urbos 3 vehicles . This order was valued at EUR 34.4 million, which corresponds to EUR 1.81 million per vehicle. The delivery of the first Urbos 3 began in June 2013 in order to carry out various tests before commissioning in December 2014. All vehicles arrived in Besançon by March 2014. The vehicles are 23 m long and 2.40 m wide. They consist of three vehicle bodies and are painted in turquoise. One vehicle has space for 132 passengers, 38 of them on seats. There are four doors for getting in and out. It is possible to expand the vehicles by two additional modules. The first vehicle was built in Saragossa , the others were built in Bagnères-de-Bigorre in the former halls of Soulé . The first test drives took place from the beginning of October 2013, and the first vehicle was to complete a total of 10,000 km of test drives. The drivers were trained from January 2014.

literature

  • Pierre Tupin: Au temps des tramways bisontins . Franc'Albert, Besançon 1987 (French).

Web links

Commons : Besançon Tram  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Votre premier voyage en tram en décembre 2014, avec 6 mois d'avance! ( Memento from March 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f André Jacquot: Les anciens tramways de Besançon . In: Connaissance du rail . No. 354-355 , 2010, ISSN  0222-4844 , p. 15-21 .
  3. ↑ a b c Jacques Chapuis: Les tramways électriques de Besançon . In: Chemins de fer régionaux et urbains . tape VI , no. 222 , 1990, pp. 3-20 .
  4. ↑ a b Décret du 17 November 1903 déclarant d'utilité publique, dans le département du Doubs, des travaux d'établissement d'un tramway entre Besançon et Saint-Ferjeux . In: Bulletin des lois . tape 68 , no. 2517 , 1904, pp. 1251–1254 (French, online [accessed August 27, 2012]).
  5. ↑ Le tramway de Besançon at transporturbain.canalblog.com, accessed on December 27, 2016
  6. ↑ Cartes postales anciennes du tramway de Besançon at racinescomtoises.net, accessed on December 27, 2016
  7. ↑ (fr) Le tram est déjà passé par Besançon on besac.com
  8. ↑ (fr) Les Chemins de Fer Secondaires de France - Département du Doubs ( Memento of May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ (fr) Délibération du conseil communautaire relative aux modalités de la concertation sur le projet TCSP (PDF; 870 kB)
  10. ↑ (fr) Délibération du conseil communautaire approuvant le bilan de la concertation préalable du projet TCSP (PDF; 3.2 MB)
  11. ↑ [20110514191950 (fr) AFP L'agglomération de Besançon vote pour un tramway de 14.5 km]
  12. ↑ (fr) Le Grand Besançon innove en choisissant un tramway optimisé (PDF; 525 kB)
  13. ↑ (fr) Délibération du Conseil communautaire notifiant le marché de maîtrise d'œuvre infrastructure (PDF; 441 kB)
  14. ↑ Tramway de Besançon: pas de fils électriques aériens dans la Boucle! ( Memento from October 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Déclaration d'utilité publique obtenue on letram-grandbesancon.fr ( Memento of September 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ Les étapes du projet on letram-grandbesancon.fr ( Memento of 23 September 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ a b c d Tramway: premiers essais à Besançon , October 1, 2013, on laviedurail.com
  18. ↑ Route map on letram-grandbesancon.fr (PDF; 236 kB)
  19. ↑ a b c d Pierre Bazin: Besançon prends le tram . In: Connaissance du rail . No. 354-355 , 2010, ISSN  0222-4844 , p. 6-12 .
  20. ↑ Subsidy de 30.1 millions d'euros de l'État  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / bourgogne-franche-comte.france3.fr  
  21. ↑ Un tramway optimisé ( Memento of December 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on macommune.info
  22. ^ Tramway: les réponses à vos questions . In: Besançon, votre ville . 2010, p. 13–15 ( letram-grandbesancon.fr [PDF; accessed September 1, 2012]).
  23. ↑ Le center de maintenance du tram on letram-grandbesancon.fr (PDF; 492 kB)
  24. ↑ a b c Besançon accueille sa première rame de tramway , L'Est Républicain, June 7, 2013
  25. ↑ Les étapes du projet on letram-grandbesancon.fr ( Memento of 23 September 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  26. ↑ Besançon tram before the start . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 10, year 2013, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 526.