Subjunctive word list
Communication scheme . The first speaker , emisor , (first subject , Su1) promises, mensaje , e.g. B. his desired, presented, imagined or even only presumed ideas etc. of the (supposedly) non-real (as the first predicate , Pr1 ) in a sentence in such a way that the addressee , receptor , of the message (second subject, Su2) z . B. to be induced to act accordingly (by the second predicate, Pr2 , in the mode of the subjuntivo ). A ( subordinate ) conjunction , conjunción subordinante , or an adverb is inserted between the two parts of the sentence . - Example sentence : Beatrice quiere que José compre el coche. Beatriz wants José to buy the car. Su1 + Pr1 + conjunction / adverb + Su2 + Pr2
The subjuntivo as a form of possibility can be represented as speaker-related according to the " trigger model ", from its imaginations, feelings , requests, commands, opinions , evaluations, doubts , recommendations , advising, allowing, prohibiting , wishes , exhortations, expressions of will etc. and certain word combinations , Conjunctions from the use of the subjunctive are necessary. Corresponding time levels past, present and future are then used in the sequence .
If a speaker uses the subjuntivo, it is usually less about describing a fact than about expressing the speaker's internal attitude, feelings or opinions and so on. It is about the coloring of the statement by the speaker himself.
Certain verbs , conjunctions or various word sequences suggest the use of the subjuntivo in Spanish as an optional or obligatory one . Some word sequences are also used in the indicativo according to the different statements .
Although for language learners the presentation and application of the subjuntivo using word combinations, the so-called signal words for speaker-related guessing, feeling, asking, commanding and demanding, thinking, evaluating, doubting, recommending, guessing, allowing, prohibiting, wishing, warning etc. However, this procedure also implied, Hummel (2001), the learning of a multitude of rules for the practical, everyday use of the subjunctive.
Words and word sequences that (can or must) have a subjunctive, selection
| alphabet | Part of speech or word combinations | Phrase | translation | obligatory use of the subjuntivo | Example sentence | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. | conjunction | a condición de que | under the condition that; on condition that | Yes | |||
| conjunction | a fin de que | so that; in order to | Yes | Mi amigo hace lo imposible, a fin de que yo esté feliz. | |||
| conjunction | a no ser que | except when | No | ||||
| conjunction | a pesar de que | even if | No | ||||
| a poco que | so little that; if gradually that | Yes | Conditional clause | ||||
| a reserva que | with the proviso that; subject to that | Yes | |||||
| conjunction | a menos que ... | unless | A menos que el precio sea considerablemente más bajo. | ||||
| adverb | acaso | possibly, maybe | No | more I. S. an uncertain estimate | |||
| verb | aconsejar (que) | to advise; advise to | Yes | Recommendation; advice | |||
| verb | alegrar (que) | delight; to amuse; animate | No | Me alegro mucho de que puedan venir. | Feeling; sensation | ||
| al mismo tiempo que | at the same time that; during that | No | |||||
| a no ser que | unless that | Yes | |||||
| conjunction | antes (de) que | before; marriage | Yes | ||||
| conjunction | apenas | as soon as; straight | No | "Main verb" + "que" + "subordinate verb in the subjuntivo" | |||
| conjunction | aun cuando | even if | Yes | ||||
| conjunction | aunque | even if; even if; although | No | ||||
| Verb + conjunction | avisar cuando ... | announce when ... | Yes | ||||
| B. | bajo la condición de que ... | under the condition that ... | Yes | ||||
| C. | conjunction | como si | as if; as if | Yes | |||
| conjunction | con el fin de que | in order to | Yes | ||||
| con la condición de que | with the condition that | Yes | |||||
| con sólo que | if then | Yes | Con sólo que le llames te ahorras with problemas. | ||||
| conjunction | con tal de que | provided that; if only that | Yes | Conditional clause | |||
| verb | conseguir (que) | to reach; to get | Yes | ||||
| conviene que | it is advisable that | Yes | |||||
| D. | conjunction | de ahí que | hence that; because of that | Yes | |||
| verb | dejar (que) | allow; omit; to let | No | Mi madre no me deja que salga sola por la noche. | Permission | ||
| verb | desear (que) | to wish; desire | No | Expression of desire | |||
| de (tal) forma que | so that | No | |||||
| de tal manera que | such (ig) that; thus that | No | |||||
| de tal modo que | in this way that; such that | No | |||||
| Verb + conjunction | desear (que) | wish that; long for | No | ||||
| después de que | after this | Yes | |||||
| Verb + conjunction | dudar que | doubt that; doubt that | Yes | ||||
| E. | Noun + verb + conjunction | el acaso hizo que ... | luck would have it; chance made it that ... | "Noun" + " indefinitivo " from hacer + "que" | |||
| conjunction | en caso de que | in case that; if | Conditional clause | ||||
| en cuanto que ... | as soon as; as soon as that is possible | ||||||
| conjunction | en el supuesto de que | assuming that | Yes | ||||
| en tanto que | unless that; so far not; as long as not that | Yes | Conditional clause | ||||
| en previsión (de) que | in case that; under the prediction that | Yes | Conditional clause | ||||
| It aconsejable que ... | It is advisable to ... | No | "Ser" + "noun" + "que"; "Ser" + "adjective" + "que" | ||||
| Es bueno que ... | It is good, that | No | |||||
| Es capaz que ... | He / she is capable of that | No | |||||
| It conveniente que ... | It's useful; It is appropriate that | Yes | |||||
| es de esperar que ... | one can hope that ... | Yes | |||||
| Es de suponer que ... | It is to be assumed that ... It is to be assumed that ... | Yes | |||||
| It desaconsejable que ... | It is not advisable that | Yes | |||||
| It difícil que ... | It is problematic that; It's difficult that | ||||||
| Esencial ... | It is essential; It is essential | ||||||
| It evidente que ... | It is obvious that | Yes | It evidente que no diga la verdad. | ||||
| Es fácil que ... | It's just that | ||||||
| It fundamentally que | It is fundamental that; It is essential | No | |||||
| It importante que ... | it is important, that | No | Es importante que laves las tazas. | ||||
| It imprescindible que ... | It is inevitable that | No | It is imprescindible que se sepa la verdad. | ||||
| Es necesario que ... | It is necessary | No | |||||
| Es malo que ... | It's bad that | Yes | |||||
| Es maravilloso que ... | It's wonderful that | Yes | |||||
| Es muy posible que ... | It is very likely that | Yes | It muy posible que Susana vaya a Valencia. | ||||
| It probable que ... | It has been proven that; It's likely, that | Yes | |||||
| Es trágico que ... | It is tragic that; | Yes | |||||
| Es urgente que ... | It is urgent that ... | No | It urgente que le envie un correo electrónico. | ||||
| It verdad que ... | It is true that | Yes | |||||
| Verb + conjunction | esperar (que) | hope that | No | Espero que vengas conmigo. | |||
| excepto si | except if; apart from | Yes | Conditional clause | ||||
| verb | exigir (que) | desire; demand | No | Command; arrangement | |||
| G | verb | gustar (que) | like; to like | No | Me gusta que muestren valor cívico. | ||
| H | hacer como si | pretend; pretend | Yes | ||||
| Hacer lo posible para que | Make it happen for | Yes | |||||
| hasta que | until that | Yes | |||||
| I. | imagínate que | imagine; just imagine | Yes | ||||
| verb | impedir (que) | prevent; hinder; inhibit | Yes | ||||
| verb | insist | invade; insist on | No | Command; arrangement | |||
| L. | verb | lamentar (que) | complain; lament; regret | No | Lamento que no hayas recibido el puesto de trabajo. | Feeling; sensation | |
| Lo haré, con tal de que ... | I will, provided that ... | Yes | Lo haría con tal de que seas feliz. | ||||
| Lo importante en esto es que ... | It is important that ... | Yes | "Lo" + "adjective" + "ser" + "que" | ||||
| M. | verb | mandar (que) | arrange; command | No | |||
| conjunction | mientras que | whereas that | No | ||||
| verb | molestar (que) | harass; to disturb; plague | No | Me molesta que nunca me cuentes nada. | Feeling; sensation | ||
| N | Negation + verb + conjunction | no creo que | I don't believe that; that ... I don't think so | Yes | No creo que llueva ahora. | ||
| no hace falta que ... | it is absolutely not necessary that ... | Yes | |||||
| O | verb | mandatory a | force to; to impose; commit to | No | Command; arrangement | ||
| Interjection | ojalá que | hopefully | No | ¡ Ojalá que tengas suerte! | |||
| verb | ordenar (que) | command; arrange | No | Command; arrangement | |||
| P | conjunction | para que | in order to; so that | Yes | |||
| verb | pedir (que) | ask; request; desire | No | Me pidió que le ayudara. | |||
| verb | permitir (que) | allow; allow; allow | No | ||||
| conjunction | por que | in order to | Yes | ||||
| Conjunction + adverb / adjective | por muy + adverb / adjective + que | so ... also; if ... even so | |||||
| adverb | posiblemente | possibly; perhaps | Yes | ||||
| Q | que si | as if; as if | Yes | ||||
| ¿Qué tal si ...? | What if ...? | No | |||||
| verb | querer (que) | like that; want that | Yes | Quiero que vengas . | |||
| adverb | quizás | maybe | No | Quizás esté en casa. | more I. S. a safe assessment, in affirmative or negative statements | ||
| P | verb | pedir (que) | request; ask; desire | No | petition | ||
| verb | permitir (que) | allow; allow | No | Permission | |||
| verb | poder (que) | can; allowed to | No | possibility | |||
| por si | in case that | Yes | Conditional clause | ||||
| por si acaso | just in case; for the case of falls | No | |||||
| por supuesto que | admittedly that; of course that | Yes | Una condición previa es, por supuesto, que los actores estén equipados con sistemas informáticos accesibles y tengan las capacidades respectivas. | also futuro possible | |||
| R. | verb | recomendar (que) | recommend; propose | No | Recommendation; advice | ||
| verb | rogar (que) | to plead; implore | No | petition | |||
| S. | salvo que (or si ) | unless that | Yes | Conditional clause | |||
| verb | sentir (que) | feel; feel | No | Siento que tu hermana no se encuentre bien. | Feeling; sensation | ||
| conjunction | si | if; if | No | Sería estupendo si pudieras ayudarme. | Conditional clause. After si there must never be presente de subjuntivo , pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo or condicional . | ||
| siempre que | always when; provided that ... | No | Conditional clause | ||||
| conjunction | sin que | without | Yes | ||||
| so pena que | in the absence of such; except when | Yes | |||||
| verb | solicitar (que) | request; apply for; ask for | No | petition | |||
| verb | sugerir (que) | stimulate; propose; stimulate; suggest | No | ||||
| Verb + conjunction | supongo que ... | I suppose that ...; I believe that ... | Yes | Supongo que tenga trabajo. | |||
| T | Abverb | valley vez | so; something like that; maybe | No | Valley vez venga a la discoteca con nosotros. | ||
| conjunction | tan pronto como | as soon as | No | Tan pronto como lleguemos a la ciudad, os llamamos por teléfono. | |||
| conjunction | tanto como | as much as | No | ||||
| Y | ya que | there that; because that | Yes | ||||
| ya va siendo hora que ... | it's about time | Yes | Y ya va siendo hora de que te cases . | Conditional clause |
Verbs that lead to or entail the subjuntivo (selection)
There are verbs that result in the subjuntivo . The acting person in the main clause tries to influence the action of the person in the subordinate clause. The verb that leads to the subjuntivo could be replaced by “querer” or “no querer” without fundamentally changing the meaning of the sentence. “Venir” is taken as an example verb, which means to come, come along, come here, more precisely the 1st or 3rd person singular in the presente de subjuntivo .
The subjuntivo can be placed after verbs to express will, commands, wishes, demands, prohibitions, hopes, etc. Verbs of the expression of will with the following subjuntivo are for example: aconsejar, recomendar, confiar en, desear, esperar, mandar, pedir, permitir, preferir, proponer, querer . Also after verbs that express feelings, such as gustar, encantar, odiar, detestar, enfadar, fastidiar, temer, tener miedo, preocupar, tener ganas, molestar, extrañar, alegrar . Then there are the verbs of doubt such as dudar, puede (ser), parece mentira, parecer . Then the negative verbs of saying and thinking, they too often have the subjuntivo in the sequence, for example: no asegurar, no creer, no opinar, no decir, no imaginar, no pensar, no reconocer, no saber .
quiero que venga wollen espero que venga hoffen deseo que venga wünschen me gusta que venga gefallen prefiero que venga vorziehen me encanta que venga sehr gefallen celebro que venga sich freuen, feiern me alegro de que venga sich freuen
pido que venga bitten, fordern decido que venga beschließen logro que venga erreichen consigo que venga erreichen no creo que venga nicht glauben (creo que viene) me imagino que sich vorstellen, sich denken grito que venga ich schreie, dass er kommen soll intento que venga versuchen procuro que venga versuchen, dafür sorgen, dass propongo que venga vorschlagen
me preocupo que venga sich Sorgen machen recomiendo que venga empfehlen digo que venga ich sage, dass er kommen soll evito que venga vermeiden
lamento que venga beklagen me da pena que venga bedauern lo siento que venga bedauern lo animo que venga Mut machen, aufmuntern impongo que venga aufzwingen, auferlegen sufro que venga leiden
no aguanto que venga ich ertrage es nicht odio que venga hassen me da rabia que venga es macht mich wütend, dass er kommt me fastidia que venga es ärgert mich, dass er kommt estoy cansado de que venga ich bin es müde estoy encantado de que venga ich bin entzückt tengo miedo de que venga ich habe Angst ten cuidado de que no venga pass auf
literature
- José Álvaro Porto Dapena: Del indicativo al subjuntivo. Valores y usos de los modos del verbo. Arco Libros, Madrid 1991, ISBN 84-7635-093-7 .
- Astrid Grieger: Manual del subjuntivo. Guía alfabética del uso de los modos verbales. Amazon Distribution, Leipzig 2015, ISBN 1-4974-2098-9 .
- José Plácido Ruiz Campillo: El valor central del subjuntivo: ¿Informatividad o declaratividad? marcoELE. revista de didáctica ELE, núm. 7, 2008 , ISSN 1885-2211
Web links
- Spanish-German dictionary. Pons.de
- Diccionario Alemán-Español. Dict CC
- English-Spanish Dictionary. WordReference.com, Online Language Dictionaries
- Gloria Toledo Vega, Sonia Toledo Azócar: El modo subjuntivo en e / le: una metodológica. Pp. 1-6
- Casos en los que se usa el Presente de Subjuntivo en español. Pp. 1-7
- Susana Cañuelo Sarrión: El subjuntivo: Formas y usos. Pp. 1–6, enero de 2013
- El subjuntivo en subordinadas adverbiales. University of Leipzig
Individual evidence
- ^ After the Palo Alto group
- ^ Hans-Georg Beckmann: New Spanish grammar. dnf-Verlag, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-9803483-3-4 , p. 190.
- ↑ see the mode Potentialis
- ↑ From the feeling or the feeling is emotion or affect to distinguish conceptually. Feelings are the results of emotions or affects, they give expression to the most diverse psychological experiences and reactions and thus make them (potentially) describable or can be promised by the feeling speaker , as u. a. Fear , anger , comedy , irony as well as compassion , jealousy , fear , joy and love .
- ↑ see the mode imperative
- ↑ see the cohortative mode
- ↑ see the mode Prohibitive
- ↑ see the mode optative
- ↑ see the Adhortative mode
- ↑ see the mode Voluntativ
- ↑ Martin Hummel: The basic value of the Spanish subjunctive. Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen 2001, ISBN 3-8233-5125-7 , p. 25
- ↑ Atsuko Wasa: A lo mejor "y el subjuntivo (At Best and the Subjunctive). Hispania, vol 85, № 1, p. 131 36 March 2002 ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Rainer Freyer: The use of the Spanish subjuntivo. Spanish grammar, www.freyeronline.de
- ↑ Justo Fernández López: Subjuntivo o indicativo con verbos de afección. Hispanoteca.eu
- ↑ Text excerpt from Dr. Susana Cañuelo Sarrión, mayo de 2013, EL Subjuntivo: Formas y usos. P. 1–6 ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Claudia Moriena, Karen Genschow: Large learning grammar Spanish: rules, examples of use, tests; [Level A1 - C1]. Hueber Verlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-19-104145-8 , p. 373 f.
- ↑ Spanish-German dictionary. Pons.de
- ↑ Rosina Balboa Bas (ed.): Diccionario General de la Lengua española. Larousse, Barcelona 2013, ISBN 978-84-9974-000-3
- ^ Justo Fernández López: The mode subjunctive - overview, Modo subjuntivo - Sumario. Hispanoteca.eu
- ↑ The subjuntivo in an independent sentence, relative and nominal sentence. Subjuntivo in a separate sentence. hispanoteca.eu
