Tiger barb

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Tiger barb
Female tiger barb

Female tiger barb

Systematics
without rank: Otophysa
Order : Carp-like (Cypriniformes)
Subordination : Carp fish-like (Cyprinoidei)
Family : Carp fish (Cyprinidae)
Genre : Puntigrus
Type : Tiger barb
Scientific name
Puntigrus cf. tetrazona
previously undescribed

The tiger barbel or four-belt barbel ( Puntigrus cf. tetrazona ) is a scientifically undescribed freshwater fish in the order of the carp-like with an unknown distribution in Southeast Asia.

features

The tiger barb has a high-backed, laterally strongly compressed body that is completely scaled up to the head. The highest part of the body lies between the base of the dorsal fin and the rear end of the pelvic fins . The lateral line organ consisting of only eight to nine pores is incomplete; it begins at the upper edge of the gill cover and ends in the third body band, above the anal fin . The basic color is a beige that varies up to an olive tint. The ventral side is light beige to light silver between the end of the gill cover and the approach of the pelvic fins. The distinctive scales are lined with dark brown to black. Four broad, vertical bands surround the body, are usually black, but can also have a green metallic shine. The first runs over the eyes, the second lies directly in front of the dorsal and pelvic fins, the third is a continuation of the dorsal fin color and extends into the anal fin, the last one surrounds the base of the caudal fin .

The pectoral fins are red, rarely transparent, and the first hard ray can be red. The pelvic fins are lined with red and transparent or black. The approach of the anal fin is colored like the body bands, the rear part is transparent, reddish or red. The homoccus caudal fin is forked and has a red border of different intensities on its upper and lower edge. The color of the steeply rising, relatively high dorsal fin corresponds to that of the body ties and has a wide red border. The eye is darkly pigmented. The head including the lips of the terminal mouth may be red; the upper lip bears a short, threadbare pair of barbels . Males reach a total length of five, females of a maximum of seven centimeters.

distribution

Only two seriously documented occurrences are known, in Singapore and the Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest in the Malay state of Johor in the south of the Malay Peninsula. All other distribution data in the popular and scientific literature are based on confusion with other species or, if they are more recent, on the consequences of aquarium fish farming that is widespread in Southeast Asia. The Sumatran barb does not occur on the large Sunda island of Sumatra .

Systematics

Drawing of the Puntius tetrazona described by Bleeker in 1855
Puntius anchisporus Drawing for the first description by Vaillant, 1902

The Dutch doctor and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker , who served as a medical officer in Indonesia from 1842 to 1860 , described in 1855 one of the striated barbine carp fish he had caught in southern Sumatra, in what is now the Indonesian district of Lahat, west of the city of Palembang, as Capoeta tetrazona . Two years later, in 1857, Bleeker described the same striated barbel from the same site as Systomus sumatrensis and in 1860 changed its name to Systomus sumatranus (both synonyms for Puntius tetrazona ). In between, in 1857, he named another striated barbel from the Kahajan River in southern Borneo Puntius tetrazona ; this species, the rhombus barbel , is now called Desmopuntius rhomboocellatus . Another "tiger barbel" described Léon Vaillant in 1904 from Borneo as Barbus anchisporus . It differs, among other things, in the number of circumpeduncular scales surrounding the tail stalk of Puntius tetrazona ( P. tetrazona : 12; P. anchisporus : 14) and in 1934 Fowler described Barbus partipentazona von Kratt in southeast Thailand . The tiger barb was already associated with all of these scientific species names until Klausewitz manifested the species name Puntius tetrazona in 1955 . Since then, the tiger barb has carried this species name in almost all scientific and popular publications. Nobody noticed that in Kottelat, Whitten, Kartikasari and Wirjoatmodjo 1993 under Puntius tetrazona the formalin preparation of a striated barbel with black pelvic fins was shown.
In 2007, a striated barbel was imported from Borneo to Germany alive for the first time in the aquarium hobby, which has completely black dorsal, anal and ventral fins. Axel Zarske, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden , identified this fish as Puntius tetrazona , which is now known to be found on Sumatra and Borneo. Zarske then compared all previously known striated barbels and finally found that the Sumatran barb cannot be assigned to any scientifically described species.

Due to its similarity and decades of confusion with Puntius tetrazona , the Sumatra barb was referred to as Puntius cf. tetrazona (cf.: the Latin verb conferre means "gather"). In November 2013, the Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat assigned all Southeast Asian “tiger barbs” to the newly introduced genera Desmopuntius and Puntigrus .

Importance to humans

Moss green mullet, one of several cultivated forms

Since it was first imported into Europe, most likely in 1933 by the import company Otto Winckelmann, Hamburg-Altona, the Sumatra barb has been one of the world's most frequently traded aquarium fish. In Southeast Asia ( Thailand , Malaysia, Singapore), the USA, Canada, Israel and the Czech Republic , it is increased millions of times for this purpose. Depending on the breeding line and method, the intensity of the body colors and the achievable total length vary. The appearance is always unmistakable. There are flat green colored ("moss green barbe "), leucistic ("Hong Kong barbel"), albinotic and xanthoristic cultivated forms under various trade names and, in addition, hybrids of these cultivated forms with the original species as well as a leucistic variant without a gill cover.

literature

  • P. Bleeker: Nalezingen op de vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Lahat en Sibogha. In: Naturkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indii. 9, 1855, pp. 257-280.
  • P. Bleeker: Tiende bijdrage tot de kennis the ichthyological fauna of Borneo. Visschen van de rivieren Barito, Kahajan en Kapoeas. In: Acta Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. 2, 1857, pp. 1-21.
  • P. Bleeker: Eighth bijdrage tot de kennis the vischfauna van Sumatra (Visschen van Benkoelen, Priaman, Tadjong, Palembang en Djambi). In: Acta. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. 8 (2), 1860, pp. 1-88.
  • GA Boulenger: Descriptions of nex freshwater fishes from Borneo. In: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (13), 1894, pp. 245-251.
  • G. Duncker: The fish of the Malay Peninsula. In: Mitt. Zoo. Mus. Hamburg. 21, 1904, pp. 135-207.
  • HW Fowler: Zoological results of the thrid de Schauensee siamese expedition. Part V .: Additional fishes. In: Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. 86, 1934, pp. 335-361.
  • AWTC Herre, CS Myers: Contribution of the Ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. In: Bull. Raffles Mus. 8, 1937, pp. 5-75.
  • W. Klausewitz: Sea and fresh water fish from Sumatra and Java. In: Senck. biol. 36 (5/6), 1955, pp. 309-323.
  • M. Kottelat: Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated checklist. In: Bull. Zool. Mus. Amsterdam. 12 (1), 1989, pp. 1-54.
  • M. Kottelat, AJ Whitten, SN Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo: Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi . Periplus Editions, Hong Kong 1993.
  • FP Koumans: On a new species of Puntius from Borneo. In: Temminckia. 5, 1940, pp. 189-190.
  • SO Kullander, F. Fang: Two new species of Puntius from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). In: Copeia. 2, 2005, pp. 290-302.
  • W. Ladiges: What did the last imports bring? In: Wochenschrift. 30 (23), 1933, p. 353.
  • H. Meinken: On the question of the name of various striated barbel. In: Wochenschrift. 36 (5): 65-67; (6), 1935, pp. 81-83.
  • HH Ng, HH Tan: The fishes of the Endau drainage, Penninsular Malaysia with descriptions of two neuw species of catfishes (Teleostei: Akysidae, Bagridae). In: Zool Stud. 38 (3), 1999, pp. 350-366.
  • TR Roberts: The freshwater fishes of western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). In: Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci. 14, 1989.
  • LM Vaillant: Results zoologiques de l'expedition scientifique Nérlandaise au Bornéo central. In: Notes Leden Mus. 14, 1902, pp. 1-166.
  • M. Weber, LF de Beaufort: The foshes of the indo-australian Archipelago. Vol 3: Ostariophysi, Apodes, Synbranchi . E. Brill, Leiden 1916.
  • A. Zarske: On the identity of the Sumatran or four-belted barbel. In: Aquaristik Fachmagazin. 39 (6), 2008, pp. 4-12.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AWTC Herre, CS Myers: Contribution of the Ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. In: Bull. Raffles Mus. 8, 1937, pp. 5-75.
  2. ↑ P. Bleeker: Nalezingen op de vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Lahat en Sibogha. In: Naturkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indii. 9, 1855, pp. 257-280.
  3. ↑ P. Bleeker: Tiende bijdrage tot de kennis the ichthyological fauna van Borneo. Visschen van de rivieren Barito, Kahajan en Kapoeas. In: Acta Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. 2, 1857, pp. 1-21.
  4. ↑ P. Bleeker: Eighth bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra (Visschen van Benkoelen, Priaman, Tadjong, Palembang en Djambi). In: Acta. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. 8 (2), 1860, pp. 1-88.
  5. ↑ FP Koumans: On a new species of Puntius from Borneo. In: Temminckia. 5, 1940, pp. 189-190.
  6. ^ LM Vaillant: Results zoologiques de l'expedition scientifique Nérlandaise au Bornéo central. In: Notes Leden Mus. 14, 1902, pp. 1-166.
  7. ↑ M. Kottelat, AJ Whitten, SN Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo: Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi . Periplus Editions, Hong Kong 1993.
  8. ^ HW Fowler: Zoological results of the thrid de Schauensee siamese expedition. Part V .: Additional fishes. In: Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. 86, 1934, pp. 335-361.
  9. ^ W. Klausewitz: Sea and freshwater fish from Sumatra and Java. In: Senck. biol. 36 (5/6), 1955, pp. 309-323.
  10. ↑ M. Kottelat, AJ Whitten, SN Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo: Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi . Periplus Editions, Hong Kong 1993.
  11. ↑ A. Zarske: On the identity of the Sumatran or four-belt barbel. In: Aquaristik Fachmagazin. 39 (6), 2008, pp. 4–12 (PDF)
  12. ↑ Maurice Kottelat: The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalog and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.6 MB). In: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. November 2013, Supplement No. 27, p. 483.

Web links

Commons : Puntius tetrazona  - collection of images, videos and audio files