Symphysodon aequifasciatus

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Symphysodon aequifasciatus
S aequifasciata axelrodi.jpg

Symphysodon aequifasciatus

Systematics
Order : Cichliformes
Family : Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily : Cichlinae
Tribe : Heroini
Genre : Discus fish ( Symphysodon )
Type : Symphysodon aequifasciatus
Scientific name
Symphysodon aequifasciatus
Pellegrin , 1904

Symphysodon aequifasciatus is a species of the genus discus cichlids . It occurs in the lower Amazon river basin in tropical South America east of the mouth of the Rio Negro and in the lower reaches of the tributaries that flow there.

features

All species of the genus Symphysodon are distinguished by their unmistakable and eponymous disc or disc-like body shape. Symphysodon aequifasciatus differs from the other species mainly in its coloring and drawing. It differs from the real discus ( Symphysodon discus ) in that it has a higher number of scales in a central longitudinal row on the sides of the body (up to 56 versus a maximum of 51 in S. discus and 58 in the type specimen of Symphysodon tarzoo ). The specific epithet aequifasciatus (equally striped) refers to the seven to nine vertical, equally wide and dark strips on the brownish sides of the body, the last of which is always on the base of the caudal fin. Light blue, more or less wavy longitudinal stripes can be found on the forehead, in the "neck", on the dorsal and anal fin and rarely on the sides.

For ecology and reproduction see generic article .

Systematics

Symphysodon aequifasciatus was described in 1904 by the French ichthyologist Jacques Pellegrin as Symphysodon discus aequifasciatus , i.e. as a subspecies of the real discus ( S. discus ). Schultz divided the species into three subspecies using color slides, a brownish ( S. aequifasciatus axelrodi ), a greenish ( S. aequifasciatus aequifasciatus ) and a bluish ( S. aequifasciatus haraldi ). This classification has long been accepted, especially in the aquarium hobby. The reliability of the delimitation of the subspecies has been questioned and discussed again and again, since the classic metric and meristic determination criteria (for example the number of fin rays , number of vertebrae and scales) do not lead to clear delimitations in discus cichlids. In 2006 the green phenotype occurring in the western Amazon was declared to be an independent species under the name Symphysodon tarzoo , as it can also be distinguished genetically ( mitochondrial DNA ) from the other discus cichlid phenotypes . In a further study on the systematics of discus cichlids from 2011, only discus cichlids from the lower Amazon basin were assigned to the species Symphysodon aequifasciatus , while the blue phenotype from the central Amazon and a discus cichlid population found in the lower Rio Tocantins and the Rio Xingu were previously undescribed Species ( Symphysodon sp. 1 and Symphysodon sp. 2). The Catalog of Fishes, a database on fish classification from the California Academy of Sciences , uses the blue form based on a publication by Heiko Bleher , Axel Meyer and colleagues as an independent species under the name Symphysodon haraldi . At Fishbase, Symphysodon haraldi is a synonym for Symphysodon aequifasciatus .

literature

  • Rainer Stawikowski and Uwe Werner: Die Buntbarsche Amerikas , Vol. 1 Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1998, ISBN 978-3800172702

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Pellegrin, J. (1904): Contribution à l'étude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlidés . Memoires Societe Zoologique de France v. 16 (nos. 2-4): 41-400, Pls. 4-7.
  2. ^ Schultz, LP (1960): A review of the pompadour or discus fishes, genus Symphysodon of South America . Trop. Fish Hobby 8 (10): 5-17.
  3. ↑ JS Ready, EJG Ferreira & SO Kullander , 2006. Discus fishes: mitochondrial DNA evidence for a phylogeographic barrier in the Amazonian genus Symphysodon (Teleostei: Cichlidae). J. Fish Biol. 69 (Suppl. B): 200-211. doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8649.2006.01232.x
  4. ↑ Manuella Villar Amado, Izeni P. Farias & Tomas Hrbek: A Molecular Perspective on Systematics, Taxonomy and Classification Amazonian Discus Fishes of the Genus Symphysodon. International Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Volume 2011, Article ID 360654, 16 pages, doi: 10.4061 / 2011/360654
  5. Jump up ↑ Heiko Bleher, Kai N. Stölting, Walter Salzburger & Axel Meyer 2007: Revision of the genus Symphysodon Heckel, 1840 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) based on molecular and morphological characters . aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 4): 133-174.
  6. ↑ Symphysodon haraldi in the Catalog of Fishes (English)

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