Synagogue (Hermeskeil)

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The synagogue in Hermeskeil was built around 1880 in Damfloser Weg (today's Martinusstraße). The interior was completely destroyed in the November pogroms in 1938 . In March 1945 the synagogue was completely destroyed by a bomb attack. Today there is a residential and commercial building at this point.

synagogue

Whether and when a prayer hall existed before the construction of the synagogue in Hermeskeil cannot be proven. The synagogue was probably built around 1850. It was a simple building with an apartment on the ground floor. The prayer room was located on the upper floor. There were two arched windows on the upper floor, while the lower floor had rectangular windows. The interior of the synagogue was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938. There was no arson as it was feared that the flames would spread to the other buildings in the row of houses. After the pogroms, the building was used for a different purpose. On March 13, 1945, the entire row of houses including the synagogue was destroyed by a bomb attack. The property was rebuilt after the war. In 1978 a memorial plaque was placed on the former site of the synagogue. The inscription reads:

In memory of the expelled and murdered Jewish citizens and the synagogue that was destroyed in 1938.
City of Hermeskeil 1978.

Jewish community of Hermeskeil

In 1840 a Jewish family settled for the first time, probably from Thalfang . In the following time until the early 1930s the community grew steadily. In addition to the synagogue, the community had a religious school that was housed in a small community center. There was also an Israelite women's association. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery built in 1880 . Until the early 1930s, the community employed its own religion teacher, who also took on the duties of prayer and shochet . During the November pogroms in 1938, 11 community members of Jewish faith lived in Hermeskeil. In mid-1939 there were no more Jews living in Hermeskeil.

Development of the Jewish population

year Jews Jewish families
1843 3
1871 17th
1886 8th
1895 34
1925 45
1938 11

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de

In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Jewish community Hermeskeil (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the time of Nazism were murdered:

Surname First name Time of death Age Place of death comment swell
Ackermann Frida unknown unknown Treblinka extermination camp Deportation from Cologne on July 27, 1942 to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76). On September 19, 1942 deportation to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport Bo, Zug Da 83). Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11456324) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Ackermann Otto unknown unknown Treblinka extermination camp Deportation from Cologne on July 27, 1942 to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76). On September 19, 1942 deportation to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport Bo, Zug Da 83). Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4822398) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Brook Clare unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported from Cologne on June 15, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. Deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp on May 15, 1942. Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11460405) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Bonem Ottilie January 30, 1943 78 years Theresienstadt ghetto Deportation from Cologne on July 27, 1942 to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76). Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4788672) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Haas Mina unknown unknown Litzmannstadt ghetto Deportation from Trier on October 16, 1941 to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11514332 and 4527035) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Heimann Siegmund unknown unknown Litzmannstadt ghetto Deportation from Trier on October 16, 1941 to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11518235) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Heimann Tumble unknown unknown Litzmannstadt ghetto Deportation from Trier on October 16, 1941 to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11518243) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat Elisa unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp 1943 Deportation from Trier to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11534505) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat Gertrud unknown unknown unknown 1943 deportation from Trier. Destination unknown. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11534659) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat Moritz March 3, 1943 52 years Auschwitz concentration camp 1943 Deportation from Trier to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 10603529) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Mendel Sara January 28, 1943 73 years Theresienstadt ghetto Deported from Trier on July 27, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11592444) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Samuel (Shmuel) Helene (Helena) unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported from Trier on July 27, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. Deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp on May 15, 1944. Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11622812 and 1990808) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Scholem (Sholem) Ida unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Yad Vashem (database, record no.1868774)
Sweet child Alfred unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Emigrated to Holland in 1937. 1943 deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no.11644727) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
hamlet Anna Marie Marianne unknown unknown unknown Deportation from Trier in 1943. Destination unknown. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11651911) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
  1. ↑ a b The databases of these people have different spellings of their first name and surname. Since the Yad Vashem database is partly based on handwritten reports on the victims of survivors, there are typographical errors here. Since all other data of the associated persons are absolutely identical, it can be assumed that they are the same persons. The Yad Vashem database has also partially merged these entries.

literature

  • Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )
  • Heinz Ganz-Ohlig: Jews in the Gaumusterdorf. On the trail of former Jewish neighbors in Hermeskeil. In: Writings of the Emil Frank Institute (= writings of the Emil Frank Institute. Volume 20). Paulinus Verlag GmbH, Trier 2018, ISBN 978-3790219470 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hermeskeil (Trier-Saarburg district) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Hermeskeil (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  3. ^ Dittmar Lauer: The NSDAP district leadership Trier-Land-Ost / Wadernin Hermeskeil. In: Yearbook of the District of Trier-Saarburg (= Yearbook of the District of Trier-Saarburg 2017. ). District administration Trier-Saarburg, Trier 2017, pp. 255–276. ( online )
  4. ↑ Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: ... and this is the gate of heaven. Synagogues Rhineland-Palatinate - Saarland. In: Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany (= Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany. Volume 2). Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2005, ISBN 978-3805333139 , pp. 182-183.
  5. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  6. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Accessed January 1, 2020.

Coordinates: 49 ° 39 '22.2 "  N , 6 ° 57' 0.1"  E