Synagogue (Sontheim)
The synagogue in the Heilbronn district of Sontheim dates back to 1773. In contrast to the Heilbronn synagogue , the building on the "Judengangsle" along the Deinbach stream escaped destruction in the November pogroms in 1938, but was demolished in 1985 because it was in disrepair. Today, a memorial stone from 1989 on the Deinebach commemorates the Sontheim synagogue .
history
The Jewish community of Sontheim , which the Teutonic Order had settled there, has been mentioned since 1660. The first synagogue in Sontheim is said to have been donated by Wolff ben Simchah Josef and to have been in the house of the Jew David in 1672. In 1701, the officials of the Teutonic Order criticized the fact that up to 40 and more Jews were staying in town on the Sabbath. The Jewish community grew from eleven families in 1750 to 220 in 1856.
In 1773, Simon ben Josef Wolf had a new synagogue built on the first floor of his house on Judengangsle , a path between Deinbachstrasse and Hauptstrasse, which is located on Deinbach . In 1827 the old synagogue was torn down and a new one was built at this point (today's parcel of land at Hauptstrasse 36 and 36/1). In 1864 an Israelite women's bath was built in the neighborhood (today's parcel: Hauptstrasse 39).
On the morning of November 10, 1938, the day after the November pogroms in 1938, the synagogue was supposed to be destroyed by arson, just like in nearby Heilbronn. Through the initiative of the Sontheim coal merchant "K." and his son "A. K. ”, who was in the SA , the arson could be prevented. A. K. entered the Sontheim synagogue armed, where there were six men who had thrown the Siddurim (Hebrew: סידורים) and other inventory on a mountain and already poured gasoline over them. A. K. explained to those present that a town fire could possibly start from this arson in the synagogue, whereupon the arsonists stopped doing their work. "A. K. “then had to leave the SA.
The Sontheim synagogue was later used for Sukkot by the Orthodox Heilbronn community .
Rescue or demolition
The building was demolished in 1985 as part of the renovation work due to dilapidation. Today a memorial stone from 1989 commemorates the Synagogue in Sontheim on the Deinbach .
Quotation from a letter to the editor in Heilbronn's voice from January 7, 1984 by Dr. Joachim Hahn:
“ The building of the former synagogue in Sontheim on Deinebach should definitely be preserved. It is one of the last houses that can remember the long history of the Jews from Heilbronn and its immediate surroundings. Memorial plaques (as in Heilbronn an der Allee) are by no means as impressive for the viewer as a building in whose old walls services were celebrated for decades. Other buildings in Sontheim that could take on this role of remembrance - the former Jewish school or the charming houses with the Hebrew inscriptions on the main street - have unfortunately already fallen victim to the bulldozer. Representing these already demolished houses of the old Sontheim, the former synagogue can preserve an important piece of history for the future. There should be numerous ways to use the house. In the former prayer room, a common room (e.g. senior citizens' club, tea room, etc.) could be set up, where pictures on the wall remind of the old Sontheim and its (especially Jewish) history. The former synagogue in Michelbach / Lücke , which is currently being restored, could be a wonderful example for a possible restoration of the interior . The fact that the social democratic parliamentary group in the Heilbronn council wants to get involved in the restoration of the synagogue in Obersulm-Affaltrach is welcome, but Obersulm is not Heilbronn and, especially in the Heilbronn urban area, commitment is required for buildings that reflect the rich history of the city and it Be able to preserve districts. "
description
Exterior
The synagogue was built as a house in ornate Franconian half-timbered houses with a half- hip roof . It was stylistically related to the half-timbered building of the former Sontheim town hall . The long sides of the half-timbered building each had three high windows that looked out onto the Deinbach flowing past below. The gable side of the half-timbered synagogue was built in the middle with a three-winged main portal, which in turn had high windows on the sides. A flight of stairs led to this portal, which began at the Judengangle below and led up to the synagogue. The synagogue building rested on high pillars that come to stand on the side of the Deinbach.
Interior
The female parishioners found space on a women's gallery . In the main room the places for the male parishioners had been set up. The interior of the synagogue was mainly characterized by wooden handicrafts. Behind a balustrade with hand-turned wooden balusters , the Aron ha-Qodesch and the Bima were elevated on a stage that described the outline of a triangle .
The Torah shrine had two wooden square pilasters , each crowned with a ball. The two pilasters were connected by a common tympanum made of wood, which in turn described the shape of a pyramid . There was a Hebrew inscription there. Six Torah scrolls and the associated Torah cloaks were kept in the shrine, which were used for the reading of the respective Parasha (weekly periods). Two crowns, two jadayim and two shields, all made of finely worked silver, were also kept in the Torah shrine . New Torah scrolls for the Sontheim religious community had been donated by Emmanuel Strauss in 1864. The Torah was lifted from the shrine and placed on the Bima for reading. Eight additional, very old Torah scrolls were also kept under the women's gallery. There were also curtains and blankets embroidered in white for the high holidays.
literature
- Oskar Mayer: The history of the Jews in Heilbronn. Anniversary commemoration for the 50th anniversary of the Heilbronn Synagogue. 1927.
- Götz Krusemarck: The Jews in Heilbronn. Heilbronn 1938 (2nd edition 1940).
- Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. Heilbronn 1963.
- Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents. District of Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1986 ( Series of publications of the district of Heilbronn. ) Volume 1.
- Supplement to the exhibition: History of the Jews in Heilbronn. Edited by D. Elsner and MU Schmidt, June 1987.
- Why the synagogues burned ... A local historical documentation in memory of the Jewish communities in Heilbronn and the surrounding area and their destruction after 1933. Published by Dt.-Jüd. Friends of Heilbronn e. V., second edition, Heilbronn 1993.
- Joachim Hahn: Memories and testimonies of Jewish history in Baden-Württemberg. Published by the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Interior. Theiss, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0566-3 .
- Joachim Hahn: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart 1987.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Angerbauer / Frank, p. 215
- ↑ Franke, p. 178, only mentions initials here
- ↑ Franke, p. 173
- ↑ Franke, s. O.
Coordinates: 49 ° 7 ′ 4.6 ″ N , 9 ° 11 ′ 20.3 ″ E