Jewish community of Sontheim

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A Jewish community in Sontheim , today a district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the second half of the 17th century. The highest membership of the Jewish community in 1818 was about 129 people.

history

The sources for the persecution of rint meat also name a place Sontheim , which could also be Sontheim an der Brenz . Since the High Middle Ages , the Teutonic Order was in the possession of the place, which it administered through the Kommende Heilbronn . The Teutonic Order settled Jews from the second half of the 17th century, because it promised an economic revival and was able to collect the protection money every year . In a description from 1692, the sole activity of the five Jewish households was trading in horses, cattle, wine, wool, silver, cloths and other things. A synagogue already existed in 1672 in the house of one of the parishioners. Since Jews were forbidden to settle in the imperial city of Heilbronn since 1490 , they tried to live as close as possible to Heilbronn in order to be able to do their business there. The best example of this is the Sontheim Jew Mayer Löw, who was appointed court factor by the Teutonic Order in 1804 . After the Equal Opportunities Act in Württemberg of 1828 and the laws on freedom of movement and freedom of trade around 1864, there was a strong migration to the cities. The Jewish community of Sontheim was assigned to Rabbinate Lehrensteinsfeld in 1832 , then came to Rabbinate Heilbronn from 1867 until it was dissolved in 1939. Before the Jewish cemetery in Sontheim was laid out in 1840/41, they were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Affaltrach . Since in 1832 the Jewish community of Horkheim and, until 1849, the Jewish community of Talheim also became subsidiary communities of Sontheim, the new Jewish cemetery was a community cemetery for these three places.

National Socialist Persecution

As a result of the Nazi persecution of the Jews , at least nine of the Jewish people living in Sontheim in 1933 were killed, and many more from the Wilhelmsruhe state asylum found violent deaths.

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 11 Jewish citizens born in Sontheim who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Various buildings are reminiscent of the Jewish community. The synagogue in Sontheim was located on the Neuenbach since 1773 , was renovated in 1827 and demolished in 1984. A memorial stone has been commemorating the synagogue since 1989. The former Jewish school is a house on Hauptstraße 25 with a hipped mansard roof and gable and a large archway. The former Israelite women's bath is at Hauptstrasse 39. The former Jewish facilities in Sontheim include today's Alice Salomon School (Educational School), which was inaugurated in 1907 as the Wilhelmsruhe Jewish retirement home . Residential houses of Sontheimer Jews were among other things provided with shop on the ground floor and corner bay house Mändle in 1896 at the town hall as well as the 1903/04 Nouveau Built Villa Wolf of the shoe manufacturer Hermann Wolf.

Community development

year Parishioners
1692 25 people
1705 34 people
1750 15 families
1792 11 families
1818 129 people
1828 88 people
1855 80 people
1870 46 people
1900 46 people
1910 72 people (including the Wilhelmsruhe state asylum )
1933 65 people (ditto)

literature

  • Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 229-231.
  • Hans Franke : History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1963, ISBN 3-928990-04-7 ( Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives . Volume 11), pp. 168–180.
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 196-198.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.