Jewish community of Olnhausen

A Jewish community in Olnhausen , today a district of Jagsthausen in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the end of the 17th century. The highest membership of the Jewish community in 1828 was about 153 people.

history

The first Jews were settled by the Lords of Berlichingen after the Thirty Years' War and initially lived there only sporadically. In contrast to many very poor Jewish rural communities, there were several wealthy Jews in Olnhausen, so that the purchase of the entire place was feared. In 1828 there was a Jewish population of 153 with a total population of about 430. The Berlichingen tried to limit the number of local Jewish families to 21 around 1817, which the Württemberg side rejected with reference to the imminent equality . The religious community was initially subordinate to the Rabbinate Berlichingen , after its dissolution in 1851 to the Rabbinate Mergentheim , and later to the Rabbinate Heilbronn . Their dead were buried in the Berlichingen Jewish cemetery . As early as 1847, the increasing emigration, especially to America, made itself felt within the Jewish community, which in 1885 still numbered 116 people and in 1900 still 85 people. After 1900 the Jewish inns, craft shops and in 1910 the Jewish bakery closed.

National Socialist Persecution

In 1933 there were still 26 Jews living in Olnhausen, twelve of whom were deported in 1941/42 and died in the concentration camps in Riga and Theresienstadt .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 27 Jewish citizens born in Olnhausen who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Synagogue and school

A synagogue is already occupied in 1732, it was located on the first floor of a residential building. New synagogue buildings were built for the growing community in 1736/37 and soon after in 1772/73. The last synagogue was built in 1881 and devastated during the November pogrom in 1938 . The building used as a warehouse and barn was demolished in 1972.

From 1828 there was an Israelite elementary school , for which a two-story schoolhouse with a teacher's apartment, classroom, oven and women's bathroom was built after 1842 . The Israelite elementary school existed until 1874 and from 1900 to 1914.

Common names

When all Jews in Württemberg had to accept hereditary family names in 1828, the 23 heads of the Olnhausen Jews took the following names: Straus (3), Mirabeau (2), Weil (2), Ehrlich (1), Bergmann (1), Gutmann (1 ) Heidenheimer (1), Hirsch (1), Krämer (1), Levi (1), Ochs (1), Oppenheimer (1), Reis (1), Rosenfeld (1), Schlesinger (1), Steinhardt (1) , Stern (1) and Uhlmann (1).

Community development

year	Parishioners
1732	13 families
1751/52	10 families
1774/75	13 families
1817	21 families
1818	109 people
1828	153 people
1854	138 people
1885	116 people
1900	95 people
1933	26 people

See also

• Synagogue (Olnhausen)

literature

• Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 186–194.
• Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 229-231.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.