Jewish community Schluchtern

A Jewish community in Schluchtern , a district of Leingarten in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg , has existed since the early 18th century. The highest membership of the Jewish community was around 99 in 1885.

history

Individual Jews in Schluchtern were first mentioned after the Thirty Years War , and a community consisting of several families was formed in the course of the 18th century. A synagogue was set up in the outbuilding of a residential building around 1800, and there were also various women's baths for ritual ablutions. The mostly poor Jews lived in the area around Entengasse. In 1845 a new women's pool was built, and in 1882 the Jewish cemetery Schluchtern . Before that, the Schluchtern Jews had their dead in the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim and the Jewish cemetery in Waibstadtburied. The community grew gradually until the end of the 19th century, but then fell sharply due to emigration and emigration.

National Socialist Persecution

During the time of National Socialism, younger Jewish citizens in particular escaped further persecution by emigrating. The remaining 12 Jews were deported to Gurs on October 22, 1940 as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign , where a woman died. The others were deported to Auschwitz in 1942 and most likely all died there. Alfred Abraham Kirchhausen, war disabled and bearer of the Iron Cross 1st class and owner of the Schluchtern cigar factory with twenty employees until 1939, was deported from Darmstadt to Theresienstadt . He survived and returned to Schluchtern in 1945, where he died in 1949 and was buried in the Jewish cemetery. Of the emigrants, only David Kirchhausen came back to Schluchtern in 1956. He died in 1969 and was also buried in the Jewish cemetery.

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 55 Jewish citizens born in Schluchtern who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Common names

When all Jews in Baden had to adopt hereditary family names in 1809, the twelve heads of the Schluchtern Jews took the following names: Edesheimer (2), Kirchhauser or Kirchhausen (2), Sontheimer (2), Armhold (1), Essinger (1), Gunzenhausen (1), Massenbach (1), Rittberger (1) and Wertheimer (1).

Personalities

Löb Friedberg (he died in Schluchtern after 1815). In 1797 he was appointed by the Palatinate state rabbi Naftali Hirsch Moses Katzenellenbogen as sub-rabbi for the Fischbach office in Schluchtern. After Schluchtern came to the Principality of Leiningen , in addition to the Jewish community Schluchtern, from 1804 he was also responsible for the Jewish communities in Richen , Sinsheim and Steinsfurt . In 1806 the Principality of Leiningen fell to Baden , and Löb Friedberg was now also responsible for other Jewish communities : Eppingen , Stebbach and other communities in the area.

Löb Friedberg was married to Zirle Delom (1772–1833). After the death of her husband, she moved to Mosbach to live with her son Isak Friedberg († 1870 in Bruchsal ), who was the district rabbi there from 1830 to 1855 .

Community development

year	Parishioners
1743	3 families
1775	11 people
1801	42 people
1809	12 families
1858	86 people
1885	99 people
1900	74 people
1925	31 people
1933	28 people

literature

• Norbert Geiss: History of the Jews in Schluchtern. A memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of the Jews . Evangelical rectory Schluchtern, Leingarten 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812485-8-6 .
• Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications of the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 205–209.
• Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , pp. 293-295 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).
• Carsten Wilke : Biographical manual of the rabbis. Part 1, The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871. Volume 1. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-24871-7 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Angerbauer / Frank, p. 209
2. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.