Gundelsheim Jewish community
According to evidence of individual Jews, a Jewish community in Gundelsheim in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg existed back into the 16th century, particularly from the 17th century.
history
Gundelsheim was owned by the Teutonic Order until 1806 . The oldest evidence of individual Jews in the village comes from 1562, a Joseph von Gundelsheim is mentioned. The Teutonic Order received annual payments from its protection Jews , which were doubled in 1705, for example, to persuade poorer Jews to move away.
A synagogue probably already existed in the 17th century, because in 1725 it was referred to as the ancient Jewish school . A women's bath existed in various places. The burial of the Gundelsheim Jews took place at the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim .
In the first half of the 18th century, the Teutonic Order tried to restrict the Jews to a remote city area as much as possible. These and other difficulties led to a decrease in the Jewish population in Gundelsheim, so that from 1796, Aron Weil, was the only remaining Jew with his family. When the Jews had to adopt hereditary family names in 1829, the two heads of family chose the names Herz and Stern. In 1832 the Gundelsheim Jews were assigned to the Israelite community of Kochendorf . The development of the community listed below shows that only a few Jewish residents lived in Gundelsheim in the 19th and 20th centuries. Due to the discrimination during the National Socialist era , almost everyone emigrated to America by 1938.
Community development
year | Parishioners |
---|---|
1620 | 5 families |
1639 | 7 families |
1644 | 44 people |
1648 | 7 families |
1688 | 9 families |
1725 | 7 families |
1742 | 8 families |
1781 | 2 families |
1802 | 1 family |
1905 | 4 people |
1910 | 9 people |
1933 | 9 people |
literature
- Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 83–91.
- Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 166–167.