Jewish community of Lehrensteinsfeld

The Jewish community in Lehrensteinsfeld is documented as early as the 16th century. From 1832 to 1867 the place was the seat of the rabbinate . Like many other rural Jewish communities, the community experienced a gradual decline due to emigration and emigration from the second half of the 19th century and was extinguished in the course of the persecution of Jews during the Nazi era .

history

The oldest references to individual Jews in Lehrensteinsfeld come from the late 16th century. The place arose from the two villages Lehren and Steinsfeld, which were owned by the barons of Gemmingen and from 1649/50 by the barons of Schmidberg. Both the Gemmingen and later the Schmidberg local rule took on protective Jews . In the 17th century, Jews are recorded in the Steinsfeld district, later only in the Lehren district. In 1653 there were three Jewish families, in 1718 there were eleven families, and by 1800 the Jewish community had grown to around 100 people. In 1828, 105 Jews made up over a third of the population of the village, which has since become part of the Kingdom of Württemberg . By various laws, beginning with the Württemberg law on the public relations of the Israelite co-religionists of April 25, 1828, they were largely equated with citizens in the legal norms until 1864.

A synagogue had been set up in the house of Aaron Nathan since the 18th century, who made an extensive rabbinical foundation out of which a rabbi was paid and in 1832 a rabbinate was established. The Lehrensteinsfeld district rabbinate included the Jewish communities in Affaltrach , Eschenau , Kochendorf (with the Jews from Neckarsulm , Oedheim and Gundelsheim ), Massenbachhausen (with branches in Massenbach and Bonfeld ) and Sontheim (with branches in Horkheim and Talheim ). In 1867 the rabbinate was moved to Heilbronn , where the large Jewish community of Heilbronn had developed after 1830 . The burial place of the Lehrener Jews was the Jewish cemetery in Affaltrach , but occasionally also the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim .

From 1832 to 1905, Lehrensteinsfeld had its own Israelite denominational school , which was housed in the synagogue house along with a simple teacher's apartment. In 1861, most of the Lehren Jews were engaged in the cattle trade, some were also farmers and innkeepers. The Jewish community in Lehrensteinsfeld continuously lost members from the second half of the 19th century due to emigration and emigration. In 1869 there were 84 Jews, in 1900 there were 64 and in 1933 there were 11.

National Socialist Persecution

In 1935/36, other Jews were temporarily staying in Lehrensteinsfeld, as a local Jewish agricultural teaching estate trained numerous young Jews in Hachschara . The 17th century synagogue was sold after the last service on June 26, 1938, later rebuilt and used as a fruit storage shed. During the Reichspogromnacht in November 1938 there were anti-Jewish riots during which Jews were mistreated and their apartments demolished. Nine of the eleven Jews who were still living in Lehrensteinsfeld in 1933 were able to emigrate, the other two were murdered during the deportation of German Jews .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 12 Jewish citizens born in Lehrensteinsfeld who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Common names

When all Jews in Württemberg had to accept hereditary family names in 1828, the 39 heads of the Lehrensteinfeld Jews took the following names: Juda (7), Maier (6), Hirschheimer (4), David (2), Hajum (2), Stern (2 ), Strauss (2), Abraham (1), Adler (1), Alexander (1), Chan (1), Falk (1), Freudenthaler (1), Hirsch (1), Jakob (1), Levi (1 ), Rothschild (1), Seligmann (1), Thalheimer (1), Werheimer (1) and Wolf (1).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.

literature

• Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . District of Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications of the district of Heilbronn . Volume 1)
• Paul Sauer: The Jewish communities in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. Monuments, history, fates . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1966 ( Publications of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives Administration . Volume 18)