Jewish community Neudenau

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A Jewish community in the town of Neudenau in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , according to evidence of individual Jews, existed back into the 13th century, especially from the end of the 17th century.

history

Neudenau was owned by Kurmainz from 1364 to 1803 . From 1803 to 1806 it belonged to the Principality of Leiningen and then came to Baden . The oldest evidence of individual Jews in the village dates from 1298, when Neudenau Jews were murdered in the Rintfleisch pogrom triggered by the Frankish knight Rintfleisch . In a document from Archbishop of Mainz Berthold von Henneberg from 1492, the then reopened Jewish cemetery in Neudenau is mentionedalready referred to as "long ago", so that it is one of the oldest Jewish cemeteries in southwest Germany. With the resumption of burials after 1492 a single Jew was allowed to settle in Neudenau again. A community did not develop until around 1700. The Jewish community was poor and was only able to build a new synagogue , which had been planned since 1820, to replace a cramped prayer room in 1875 . As a result of emigration and emigration, however, the Jewish community rapidly declined.

National Socialist Persecution

With the exception of Mina Haas, who died in Neudenau, the Jewish residents moved to Pforzheim , Weinheim , Munich and Berlin between 1935 and 1940 . With the decision of the Baden Ministry of the Interior of November 8, 1937, the Israelite community was dissolved. In May 1938 the synagogue was sold to the neighbor Martin Lang by the senior councilor of the Israelite community in Baden. When the Jews from Baden were deported to Gurs on October 22, 1940 , there were no longer any Jews living in Neudenau. Five former Neudenauer Jews, however, were of Pforzheim, Weinheim and Karlsruhe from deported . Two of them died in the Gurs camp, three are missing in Auschwitz ... (Angerbauer / Frank, p. 181)

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 13 Jewish citizens born in Neudenau who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Common names

When all Jews in Baden had to take hereditary family names in 1809, the 11 heads of the Neudenau Jews took the names Rosenberg (2 ×), Abendstern, Ehrlich, Fröhlich, Fuchs, Haas, Klein, Schuster, Schwan and Stark.

Community development

year Parishioners
1796 36 people
1806 54 people
1852 46 people
1883 50 people
1910 26 people
1925 12 people
1933 9 people

literature

  • Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 177–181.
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 347-349.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.