Jewish community Stein am Kocher

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A Jewish community in Stein am Kocher , today a district of Neuenstadt am Kocher in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the second half of the 17th century. The highest membership of the Jewish community in 1841 was about 129 people.

history

After the Thirty Years' War , the two local authorities, the Lords of Dalberg and the Lords of Gemmingen , settled Jews in Stein. Around 1841 the Jewish community had its highest level with 129 people, but the size of the community quickly declined due to emigration and relocation to larger cities. In 1827 the community was assigned to the Mosbach rabbinical district. The synagogue was sold in 1935 and destroyed by fighting in April 1945. Until their own Jewish cemetery was laid out around 1810, the dead were buried in the Neudenau Jewish cemetery .

National Socialist Persecution

Of the ten Jewish citizens who lived in Stein am Kocher in 1933, at least three died as a result of the Nazi persecution of Jews .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 8 Jewish citizens born in Stein am Kocher who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Common names

When all Jews in Baden had to adopt hereditary family names in 1809, the 15 heads of families of the Jews in Stein am Kocher took on the following names: Adler, Gutmann, Haas, Holzer, Maas, Mai, Schnell, Sinn, Sternfels, Sternheimer, Stiefel, Strauss, and Süßkind or Gutkind, wax and compulsion.

Gumbel family

Born in Stein in 1836, Moses (Max) Gumbel and his brother Isaac had been bankers in Heilbronn since 1862 . A son of Isaac Gumbel (born December 15, 1825 in Stein am Kocher), Abraham Gumbel (1852–1930), born in Stein , founded the Heilbronner Bankverein in 1909/10 , the forerunner of today's Volksbank Heilbronn . Siegfried Gumbel (1874–1942), Max Gumbel's youngest child, became a lawyer in Heilbronn and, during the persecution, he was president of the Israelite Council in Stuttgart in 1936 .

Community development

year Parishioners
1693 4 people
1722 9 people
1809 15 families
1841 129 people
1875 48 people
1900 15 people
1933 10 people

literature

  • Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . District of Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications of the district of Heilbronn . Volume 1), pp. 224–228.
  • Hans Franke : History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1963, ISBN 3-928990-04-7 ( Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives . Volume 11)
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , pp. 349-350 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.