Neckarsulm Jewish community

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According to evidence of individual Jews, a Jewish community in Neckarsulm in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg existed back into the 13th century, especially from the 17th century.

history

Neckarsulm was owned by the Teutonic Order from 1484 to 1806 . The oldest evidence of individual Jews in the village comes from 1298, when Neckarsulm Jews were murdered in the Rintfleisch pogrom triggered by the Frankish knight Rintfleisch . Jews expelled from Heilbronn (see Heilbronn Jewish Community ) settled in Neckarsulm in the second half of the 15th century. From then on there was an uninterrupted Jewish community there . In 1869 the maximum number of parish members was reached with 54 people.

According to the sources, there is evidence of a synagogue as early as 1625 . The building in the Jewish residential area, the eastern part of Rathausstrasse up to Neutorgasse, which was used as a synagogue from the 18th century, was sold after the community was dissolved in 1874. Neckarsulm became a branch of the Jewish community of Kochendorf and belonged to the Lehrensteinsfeld district rabbinate .

Presumably the dead of the Jewish community were buried in Heilbronn in the Middle Ages . The Jewish cemetery in Neckarsulm was built during the Thirty Years War and was occupied until 1924.

Common names

When all Jews in Württemberg had to adopt hereditary family names in 1829, the 11 heads of the Neckarsulm Jews took the following names: Rosenfeld (3), Hilberth (2), Mannheimer (2), Bär (1), Gutmann (1), Magul (1 ) and Rheinganem and Rheinganum (1).

National Socialist Persecution

Most Jewish families emigrated by 1938. Amalie Bodenheimer was deported from Neckarsulm, Sophie Jacob from Stuttgart and David Strauss from Holland, where he had emigrated in 1937/38, and died. Werner Römmele, a so-called Jewish mongrel , died in 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp . (Angerbauer / Frank, p. 176)

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 2 Jewish citizens born in Neckarsulm who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Community development

year Parishioners
1625 45 people
1639 8 families
1715 7 families
1742 9 families
1752 13 families
1802 7 families
1829 43 people
1843 51 people
1869 54 people
1886 18 people
1900 24 people
1933 17 people

literature

  • Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 165–176
  • Ansbert Baumann: The Neckarsulm Jews: A minority in historical change 1298-1945 . Thorbecke, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7995-0819-3 .
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 340-432.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.