Jewish community Gemmingen

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A Jewish community in Gemmingen , a place in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , existed as far back as the 17th century, especially from the 18th century , according to evidence of individual Jews .

history

The Barons of Gemmingen parted from 1664 control of Gemmingen with the men or the Count of Neipperg . Of the two lines of the Lords of Gemmingen who were involved in the rule over this Gemming part, one sold its share to Württemberg in 1664 . Now three local authorities were involved. Since the middle of the 17th century, the Jews paid an annual protection fee, a one-time admission fee and an annual fee for pasture and water as well as exemption from messenger services. The main line of business was the cattle trade, which is why they also let their cattle run with the community herd. From 1771, the rule of Gemmingen appointed a chief rabbi who was supposed to regulate the religious and civil life of the Jewish community .

The Jews of Gemmingen were assigned to the rabbinical district of Sinsheim in 1827 and the rabbinical district of Bretten in 1877 . A synagogue was built around 1821 , next to it was the Jewish school , which housed the mikveh , the teacher's apartment and the school premises.

In 1897, Abraham Oppenheimer and Moses Richheimer began producing cigars, each with several employees. The share of Jewish entrepreneurs in this branch of business has hardly been mentioned in the history of the Kraichgau . In the First World War, five Jews died from Gemmingen.

National Socialist Persecution

In the first years after 1933 the Jews initially had their income, but then had to close their shops and emigrated to North and South America or moved to Karlsruhe and other larger cities. (...) The last 7 older Jews who remained in the village were deported to Gurs on October 22, 1940 .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 48 Jewish citizens born in Gemmingen who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Community development

year Parishioners comment
1710 8 people in the part of the Lords of Gemmingen
1718 5 people as above
1728 9 families as above
1740 10 families as above
1751 12 families as above
1758 16 families as above
1762 17 families with 100 people as above
1795 16 families including 3 in the part of the Counts of Neipperg
1825 122 people now in all three districts
1839 181 people as above
1864 291 people as above
1875 190 people as above
1900 157 people as above
1933 47 people as above

Common names

When all Jews in the Grand Duchy of Baden had to adopt hereditary family names in 1809, the 16 heads of the Gemming Jews took the following names: Bischofsheimer (2), Gutmann (1), Hut or Kanhut (2), Oppenheimer (3), Rastatter (1) , Richheimer (2), Rothschild (1), Rost (1), Uhlmann (1), Weisenburger (1) and Wertheimer (1).

Personalities

  • Hugo Richheimer, director of the Schaumweinvertriebs AG in Frankfurt am Main, donated 5,000 marks for the poor in town in 1922, a substantial sum at the time, and became an honorary citizen of Gemmingen.

Burials

Before the Jewish cemetery in Eppingen was completed in 1818/19, the Jews of Gemmingen had their burial in Heinsheim , Flehingen or Waibstadt . From 1822 a total of 242 Gemmingen burials took place at the Jewish cemetery in Eppingen. Mainly the names from the list from 1809 appear: Kahn / Kahnhut / Kahngut (45), Oppenheimer (35), Richheimer (29), Ottenheimer (23), Wertheimer (18), Rothschild (12), Gutmann (11 ), Weissenburger (8).

literature

  • Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications by the Heilbronn district . Volume 1), pp. 73–80.
  • Ralf Bischoff, Reinhard Hauke ​​(ed.): The Jewish cemetery in Eppingen. A documentation . Eppingen 1989 ( Around the Ottilienberg . Volume 5).
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 143-145.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Angerbauer / Frank (see literature), p. 80
  2. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.