Synagogue (Ansbach)
The synagogue in Ansbach was built between 1744 and 1746. The synagogue at Rosenbadstrasse 3 is a protected architectural monument .
history
Creation of the synagogue
The modern Jewish community in Ansbach came into being in the 17th century. During the Thirty Years War , numerous Jewish families fled to the city because of the war. A synagogue or a prayer hall existed as early as the Middle Ages . Until 1675 the service took place in a room in the house of Amson Model, a wealthy court factor . Two private synagogues were created after a dispute in this synagogue.
In 1743, the court factor Löw Israel offered the Jewish community a property belonging to him, where a Jewish school was housed until 1737, for the construction of a joint synagogue. Under pressure from the margrave, the latter had to purchase the property for 1,500 guilders. She also bought a neighboring house. In the following years a synagogue was built according to the plans of the Italian architect Leopoldo Retti , which was inaugurated on September 2, 1746.
time of the nationalsocialism
On October 27, 1938, a tear gas bomb was thrown into the synagogue during the service . During the November pogrom in 1938 , the mayor was ordered by the NSDAP district leadership in Nuremberg to have the synagogue burned down. Possibly out of consideration for the neighboring “Aryan” houses, two SA men only staged a fire in the synagogue. They smashed benches, threw Torah scrolls and other religious writings into the rubble, and set everything on fire. This was quickly extinguished by the fire brigade. The vandalized synagogue could then no longer be used for worship. From 1939 to 1945 it was used as a food store.
After 1945
After 1945 the synagogue served as a Jewish place of worship for American soldiers and displaced persons . The synagogue was renovated in 1948/1949. Since the number of Jewish residents in Ansbach steadily declined in the 1950s and 1960s and a re-emergence of a Jewish community could not be expected, the synagogue was declared a museum and symbolic place of worship in 1964 .
architecture
The baroque synagogue has high arched windows. The facade is structured by wide, flat pilasters . Italian influences can be seen inside. A pulpit was built in around 1840 . The women's gallery has also been enlarged several times. The interior with the Almemor ( Bima ) and the Torah shrine from the time it was built have been preserved. The Almemor with its octagonal stone parapet and eight twisted marbled wooden columns with Corinthian capitals stands in the center of the room, which can be illuminated by seven brass ceiling chandeliers. The arched field of the Torah shrine shows two lion figures holding the tablets of the law. The synagogue, together with the rabbi's house , the butcher's house and the men's and women's baths ( mikveh ), form a complete complex of the old Ansbach Jewish community.
Layout
Longitudinal section
inside view
Todays use
From 1985 onwards, the synagogue building was extensively renovated. An information center was opened in the synagogue in July 2012, which documents the history of the Jewish community in Ansbach and everyday Jewish life. The synagogue is open every second and fourth Sunday of the month between 3:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. from May to September. Visitors can then visit the prayer room, the exhibition in the servants' house, the synagogue courtyard and one of the two ritual baths. Outside the opening times, the synagogue is accessible for guided tours and events. Every year at the beginning / middle of November there is a commemoration hour for the Reichspogromnacht in the synagogue.
See also
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online edition ).
- More than stones ... Synagogue memorial ribbon Bavaria. Volume II . Edited by Wolfgang Kraus, Berndt Hamm and Meier Schwarz . Developed by Barbara Eberhardt, Cornelia Berger-Dittscheid, Hans-Christof Haas and Angela Hager with the assistance of Frank Purrmann and Axel Töllner with a contribution by Katrin Keßler. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-448-9 , pp. 46–49.
Web links
- Official website of the Synagogue Ansbach, operated by the Frankenbund
- Ansbach synagogue near Alemannia Judaica
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hermann Dallhammer, Werner citizens: Ansbach: history of a city . Hercynia, Ansbach 1993, ISBN 978-3-925063-35-0 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 4.3 " N , 10 ° 34 ′ 15.7" E