Synagogue (Binswangen)
The synagogue at Judengasse 3 in Binswangen , a municipality in the Swabian district of Dillingen on the Danube , was built in 1836/37.
history
The first synagogue of the Jewish community Binswangen was named in 1609. It probably stood on the site of today's synagogue. In the 19th century the old synagogue had become too small for the now larger community and therefore a decision was made to build a new synagogue. The government building inspector Eduard Rüber was commissioned to draw up the plans. He took the Synagogue of Ingenheim in the Palatinate as a model. This synagogue, designed by the architect Friedrich von Gärtner and completed in 1832, introduced the Moorish style element of the horseshoe arch on the windows and portals for the first time in synagogue construction .
In June 1836 the old synagogue was demolished and on September 15, 1837 the new synagogue was inaugurated by Rabbi Isaac Hirsch Gunzenhauser .
Pogrom of November 10, 1938
During the November pogrom in 1938 , the synagogue was looted and desecrated by SS men from Augsburg . The Jews still present in the village had to load the valuable items from their church onto a truck belonging to the SS troop. The synagogue did not go up in flames because there was a danger to the neighboring houses because of the narrow buildings.
architecture
Over a rectangular floor plan , a two-storey building, which from a rises gable roof is covered. The two stepped gables are Gothic elements . The three portals of the west facade have horseshoe arches and Egyptian-looking palmettos capitals . The gable ends consist of the tablets of the law in the west and the brazen serpent in the east .
You enter the synagogue through a vestibule and inside it has a three-sided women's gallery made of wood and a flat ceiling. The palmette columns in turn express the orientalizing style element. The color tones of the interior were reconstructed according to the original findings and consist of red and blue colors on a blue-green background. The Torah shrine and the Almemor standing in the middle of the room have not been preserved and have not been restored.
Current condition
After 1945 the synagogue was used as a coal store, workshop and as a warehouse for a building material trade. In 1960 the gable of the stairs was removed and later the women's gallery was also removed. In 1987 the district of Dillingen an der Donau bought the former church, and after the renovation work was completed, the former synagogue was opened as a meeting place on October 20, 1996.
literature
- District of Dillingen an der Donau (Ed.): Old Synagogue Binswangen. A memorial. Built from 1836 to 1837 as a Jewish house of worship. Desecrated and devastated in 1938. Acquired in 1996 . Wertingen 1996. [not evaluated]
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
- Israel Schwierz: Stone evidence of Jewish life in Bavaria. A documentation . Published by the Bavarian State Center for Political Education in Munich. Bayerische Verlags-Anstalt, Bamberg 1988, ISBN 3-87052-393-X , pp. 234-235.
- More than stones ... Synagogue memorial band Bavaria. Volume I . Edited by Wolfgang Kraus, Berndt Hamm and Meier Schwarz . Developed by Barbara Eberhardt and Angela Hager with the assistance of Cornelia Berger-Dittscheid, Hans Christof Haas and Frank Purrmann. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-411-3 , pp. 414-422.
Web links
- Binswangen Jewish community near Alemannia Judaica
- Support group Synagoge Binswangen eV
- District of Dillingen to the synagogue in Binswangen
- Website on the war memorial in the Binswangen synagogue . House of Bavarian History
Coordinates: 48 ° 33 ′ 28.8 " N , 10 ° 38 ′ 35.1" E