Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

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TIMSS - Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ( TIMSS ) is an international comparative school performance study that has been carried out every four years by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) since 1995 .

background

TIMSS examines mathematics and science performance in elementary school, secondary level I and II . TIMSS was originally an acronym for Third International Mathematics and Science Study , the 1999 round was continued as TIMSS-R (R for repeat ); since TIMSS 2003 the acronym stands for Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study .

Previous studies were FIMS (First International Mathematics Study, 1964, 12 countries) and SIMS (Second International Mathematics Study, 1980–82, 20 countries, without German participation) as well as FISS and SISS (First and Second International Science Study, 1968–1972 and 1982–1986, SISS without German participation).

execution

So far (as of 2016) there have been 6 TIMSS studies: 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015. The results of the 2015 study were announced on November 29, 2016 and a full report is expected in February 2017.

The education systems of countries were always examined, although these countries did not necessarily have to be separate states. For example, in the United Kingdom Northern Ireland on the one hand and England and Wales on the other hand, and in Belgium Flanders and Wallonia were separated.

The TIMSS 1995 study included 41 participating countries, which were examined in 5 school classes. The TIMSS 1999 study then only examined the 8th grade in 38 different countries. In the TIMSS 2003 study, 26 countries were examined for 4th grade and 48 for 8th grade. In the TIMSS 2007 study there were 44 countries for 4th grade and 57 for 8th grade, and in TIMSS 2011 the corresponding numbers were 52 and 45, respectively.

At least 4,500 to 5,000 students were included in each of the participating countries.

So far, educational researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development , the Leibniz Institute for Science Education at the University of Kiel and the Humboldt University in Berlin have participated in TIMSS on the German side . TIMSS 2007, 2011 and 2015 were mainly processed at the Institute for School Development Research (IFS) of the Technical University of Dortmund.

Results

The top positions at TIMSS are regularly taken by the East Asian countries ( Singapore , South Korea , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Japan ; see tables below). The test scores of the countries with the highest performance in mathematics and natural sciences are shown in the table below.

Germany has never been in the top 10, Austria twice (in mathematics and natural sciences 1995) and Switzerland once (in mathematics 1995). European countries that were more frequently in this group are the Netherlands, England with Wales, Hungary and Russia.

In the latest TIMSS 2015 study, fourth graders in Germany achieved the following places: 522 (24th place, mathematics) and 528 (20th place, natural sciences). Austria, Switzerland and Luxembourg did not take part in the TIMMS 2015 study.

With the tables listed below, it should be noted that not all countries have always participated in all studies. If Germany, Austria or Switzerland are not listed in the following tables, they have not taken the respective test or the respective year level.

mathematics

Fourth grade

TIMSS (1995) TIMSS (2003) TIMSS (2007) TIMSS (2011) TIMSS (2015)
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 625
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 611
3. JapanJapan Japan 597
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 587
5. NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 577
6th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 567
7th AustriaAustria Austria 559
8th. SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 552
9. IrelandIreland Ireland 550
10. HungaryHungary Hungary 548
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 594
2. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 575
3. JapanJapan Japan 565
4th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 564
5. FlandersFlanders Flanders 551
6th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 540
7th LatviaLatvia Latvia 536
8th. LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania 534
9. RussiaRussia Russia 532
10. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  531
1. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 607
2. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 599
3. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 576
4th JapanJapan Japan 568
5. KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 549
6th RussiaRussia Russia 544
7th EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  541
8th. LatviaLatvia Latvia 537
9. NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 535
10. LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania 530
..........
12. GermanyGermany Germany 525
..........
17th AustriaAustria Austria 505
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 606
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 605
3. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 602
4th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 591
5. JapanJapan Japan 585
6th Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland Northern Ireland 562
7th FlandersFlanders Flanders 549
8th. FinlandFinland Finland 545
9. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  542
10. RussiaRussia Russia 542
..........
16. GermanyGermany Germany 528
..........
23. AustriaAustria Austria 508
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 618
2. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 615
3. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 608
4th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 597
5. JapanJapan Japan 593
6th Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland Northern Ireland 570
7th RussiaRussia Russia 564
8th. NorwayNorway Norway 549
9. IrelandIreland Ireland 547
10. EnglandEngland England 546
..........
24. GermanyGermany Germany 522

Eighth grade

TIMSS (1995) TIMSS-R (1999) TIMSS (2003) TIMSS (2007) TIMSS (2011) TIMSS (2015)
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 643
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 607
3. JapanJapan Japan 605
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 588
5. FlandersFlanders Flanders 565
6th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 564
7th SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia 547
8th. SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 545
9. NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 541
10. SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 541
..........
12. AustriaAustria Austria 539
..........
23. GermanyGermany Germany 509
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 604
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 587
3. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 585
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 582
5. JapanJapan Japan 579
6th FlandersFlanders Flanders 558
7th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 540
8th. SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia 534
9. HungaryHungary Hungary 532
10. CanadaCanada Canada 531
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 605
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 589
3. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 586
4th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 585
5. JapanJapan Japan 570
6th FlandersFlanders Flanders 537
7th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 536
8th. EstoniaEstonia Estonia 531
9. HungaryHungary Hungary 529
10. MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 508
1. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 598
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 597
3. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 593
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 572
5. JapanJapan Japan 570
6th HungaryHungary Hungary 517
7th EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  513
8th. RussiaRussia Russia 512
9. United StatesUnited States United States 508
10. LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania 506
1. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 613
2. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 611
3. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 609
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 586
5. JapanJapan Japan 570
6th RussiaRussia Russia 539
7th IsraelIsrael Israel 516
8th. FinlandFinland Finland 514
9. United StatesUnited States United States 509
10. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  507
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 621
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 606
3. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 599
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 594
5. JapanJapan Japan 586
6th RussiaRussia Russia 538
7th KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 528
8th. CanadaCanada Canada 527
9. IrelandIreland Ireland 523
10. United StatesUnited States United States 518

Natural sciences

Fourth grade

TIMSS (1995) TIMSS (2003) TIMSS (2007) TIMSS (2011) TIMSS (2015)
1. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 597
2. JapanJapan Japan 574
3. United StatesUnited States United States 565
4th AustriaAustria Austria 565
5. AustraliaAustralia Australia 562
6th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 557
7th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 557
8th. EnglandEngland England 551
9. CanadaCanada Canada 549
10. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 547
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 565
2. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 551
3. JapanJapan Japan 543
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 542
5. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  540
6th United StatesUnited States United States 536
7th LatviaLatvia Latvia 532
8th. HungaryHungary Hungary 530
9. RussiaRussia Russia 526
10. NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 525
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 587
2. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 557
3. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 554
4th JapanJapan Japan 548
5. RussiaRussia Russia 546
6th LatviaLatvia Latvia 542
7th EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  542
8th. United StatesUnited States United States 539
9. HungaryHungary Hungary 536
10. ItalyItaly Italy 535
1. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 587
2. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 583
3. FinlandFinland Finland 570
4th JapanJapan Japan 559
5. RussiaRussia Russia 552
6th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 552
7th United StatesUnited States United States 544
8th. Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 536
9. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 535
10. HungaryHungary Hungary 534
..........
13. AustriaAustria Austria 532
..........
17th GermanyGermany Germany 528
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 590
2. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 589
3. JapanJapan Japan 569
4th RussiaRussia Russia 567
5. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 557
6th TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 555
7th FinlandFinland Finland 554
8th. KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 550
9. PolandPoland Poland 547
10. United StatesUnited States United States 546
..........
20th GermanyGermany Germany 528

Eighth grade

TIMSS (1995) TIMSS-R (1999) TIMSS (2003) TIMSS (2007) TIMSS (2011) TIMSS (2015)
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 607
2. Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 574
3. JapanJapan Japan 571
4th Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 565
5. BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria 565
6th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 560
7th SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 560
8th. AustraliaAustralia Australia 558
9. HungaryHungary Hungary 554
10. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  552
1. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 569
2. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 568
3. HungaryHungary Hungary 552
4th JapanJapan Japan 550
5. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 549
6th NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 545
7th AustraliaAustralia Australia 540
8th. Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 539
9. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  538
10. FinlandFinland Finland 535
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 578
2. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 571
3. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 558
4th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 556
5. EstoniaEstonia Estonia 552
6th JapanJapan Japan 552
7th HungaryHungary Hungary 543
8th. NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 536
9. United StatesUnited States United States 527
10. AustraliaAustralia Australia 527
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 567
2. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 561
3. JapanJapan Japan 554
4th Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 553
5. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  542
6th HungaryHungary Hungary 539
7th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 539
8th. SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 538
9. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 530
10. RussiaRussia Russia 530
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 590
2. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 564
3. Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 560
4th JapanJapan Japan 558
5. FinlandFinland Finland 552
6th SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 543
7th RussiaRussia Russia 542
8th. Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 535
9. EnglandEngland England and WalesWalesFlag of Wales (1959 – present) .svg  533
10. United StatesUnited States United States 525
1. SingaporeSingapore Singapore 597
2. JapanJapan Japan 571
3. TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 569
4th Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 556
5. SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia 551
6th Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong 546
7th RussiaRussia Russia 544
8th. EnglandEngland England 537
9. KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 533
10. IrelandIreland Ireland 530

The results of TIMSS / III for the German students in detail:

Basic mathematical and scientific education

The central findings (cf. Baumert et al. 2000, Volume 1):

  • Here, the test results of German students in the group of comparable countries are in the lower range.
  • The potentially best performing German students cannot compete with top students from neighboring European countries.
  • There are relative weaknesses in tasks that
  • the independent application of what has been learned,
  • the transfer to new contexts or
  • a flexible restructuring of problem constellations
require. German students are more likely to achieve good results in routine tasks.
  • The deficit in mathematical basic education is not only limited to the vocational education system, but is also a characteristic of the upper secondary level.

The TIMSS 2015 study showed (similar to the previous studies) that in Germany the proportion of students in the top group, i.e. students who can solve more difficult tasks ( “Advanced International Benchmark” ), is significantly lower than in many other countries. In mathematics it was 5% (TIMSS 2011 also 5%, TIMSS 2007 6%). In Singapore this share was 50% (2011 43%, 2007 41%). In the natural sciences, the values ​​for Germany were 8% (2015), 7% (2011), 10% (2007) and for Singapore 37% (2015), 33% (2011) and 36% (2007).

Subject achievements in pre-university mathematics lessons

The central findings (cf. Baumert et al. 2000, Volume 2):

  • In the top groups, German students also do only mediocre.
  • German students are not represented in the top international group. The more demanding a task, the more the German high school graduates fall behind students from other European countries.

Specialist performance in pre-university physics classes

The central findings (Baumert et al. 2000, Volume 2):

  • The test results of German students who attend physics courses at the upper level are in the middle range.
  • Even among the best performing students, German students are in a broad midfield.
  • It is true that German students score significantly better than the students from the USA when comparing the top performers, but international top performances by Scandinavian students are not achieved by German students.
  • German high school graduates find it particularly difficult with tasks that require the overcoming of typical misconceptions or that require special conceptual knowledge. On the other hand, they are comparatively successful with open task formats.

reception

The study was hotly debated among educators, but hardly noticed by the general public. With a few exceptions, however, it was the first performance review with standardized methods at international level in which Germany participated. This marked an empirical turning point in German education away from a more humanistic orientation. However, much more attention was paid to the PISA study, the OECD , which in 2000 her first from six passes completed (Koeller, Baumert 2001).

Original data

literature

  • J. Baumert , W. Bos , R. Lehmann (Eds.): TIMSS / II. Third International Mathematics and Science Study - Mathematics and Science Education at the End of School Careers . Volume 1: Basic mathematical and scientific education at the end of compulsory schooling. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2000.
  • J. Baumert, W. Bos, R. Lehmann (Eds.): TIMSS / III: Third International Mathematics and Natural Science Study - Mathematical and Natural Science Education at the End of School Careers . Volume 2: Mathematical and scientific basic education at the end of the upper secondary school level. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2000.
  • O. Köller, J. Baumert: TIMMS: Third International Mathematics and Science Study. In: Franz E. Weinert: Performance measurements in schools. Beltz, Weinheim / Basel 2001.
  • J. Hiebert, R. Gallimore, H. Garnier, K. Givvin Bogard, H. Hollingsworth, J. Jacobs, A. Miu-Ying Chui, D. Wearne, M. Smith, N. Kersting, A. Manaster, E. Tseng, W. Etterbeek, C. Manaster, P. Gonzales, J. Stigler: Teaching Mathematics in Seven Countries - Results From the TIMSS 1999 Video Study . US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Washington DC 2003.
  • Wilfried Bos, Martin Bonsen, Jürgen Baumert, Manfred Prenzel , Christoph Selter, Gerd Walther (eds.): TIMSS 2007. Mathematical and scientific competencies of primary school children in Germany in an international comparison. Waxmann, Münster et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-8309-2090-8 .
  • Wilfried Bos, Martin Bonsen, Nicole Kummer, Katrin Lintorf, Kristina Frey (eds.): TIMSS 2007. Documentation of the survey instruments for trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. Waxmann, Münster et al. 2009, ISBN 978-3-8309-2143-1 .
  • U. Moser, E. Ramseier, C. Keller: School on the test stand: an evaluation of secondary level 1 on the basis of the "Third International Mathematics and Science Study". Rüegger, Chur et al. 1997.
  • E. Ramseier, C. Keller, U. Moser: Education balance: an evaluation at the end of upper secondary level on the basis of the "Third International Mathematics and Science Study". Rueegger, Chur et al. 1999.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. TIMSS. Our Studies: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. IEA, accessed November 29, 2016 .
  2. ^ International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. IEA, accessed November 21, 2016 .
  3. TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. (PDF) TIMSS International Study Center, p. 29 , accessed on May 3, 2014 (English).
  4. a b Download Center. November 29, 2016, accessed on November 29, 2016 (English, Download All Mathematics and Science Exhibits (PDF)).
  5. a b Download Center. November 29, 2016, accessed on November 29, 2016 (English, Download Download All Science Exhibits (PDF)).
  6. See the list of studies with participating countries at http://www.iea.nl/our-studies