TLR-2
| TLR-2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 784 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | TLR2 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | TLR-1,2,6,10 | |
| Parent taxon | Vertebrates | |
The toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR-2 ) is a membrane protein that is part of the innate immune system of chordates . The receptor sits on the surface of leukocytes and cells in the lungs and liver . It can recognize exogenous substances, in particular components of the cell wall of bacteria , and forward corresponding signals to the cell. Mutations in TLR2 - gene of man can susceptibility to leprosy - or tuberculosis cause infections.
The discussed here TLR2 is a member of a large family of homologous Toll-like receptors (TLRs, toll-like receptors ).
Occurrence
TLR-2 is expressed on monocytes , macrophages , dendritic cells , B cells, and T cells including T reg . Sometimes this happens as a heterodimer (combined molecule) with z. B. TLR-1 or TLR-6 . TLR-2 is also found in the epithelia of the windpipe .
Mode of action
As a membrane receptor oriented on the surface, TLR-2 recognizes surface molecules of several types of bacteria, particularly leprosy , tuberculosis and Lyme disease pathogens. In many cases, the binding of these molecules leads to an increase in the production of some cytokines and enzymes . However, since these pathogens are able to influence the cell's spontaneous immune defense via the presented cell wall molecules, a consistent picture of the signals normally emitted by TLR-2 is still unclear. One agonist of TLR-2 is zymosan , which is a polysaccharide component of the cell walls in yeast. The synthetic, di- and tri- acylated lipoprotein Pam2CSK4 motif is also a TLR-2 agonist.
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt O60603
- ↑ TLR-2. In: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man . (English)
- ↑ A. Yoshida, H. Inagawa et al. a .: The role of toll-like receptor 2 in survival strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophage phagosomes. In: Anticancer Research Volume 29, Number 3, March 2009, pp. 907-910, ISSN 0250-7005 . PMID 19414326 . (Review).
- ↑ A. Halliday, JD Turner, et al. a .: The TLR2 / 6 ligand PAM2CSK4 is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models. In: Parasites & vectors. Volume 9, February 2016, p. 96, doi : 10.1186 / s13071-016-1381-0 , PMID 26897363 , PMC 4761161 (free full text).