Taha Jabir al-Alwani

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Taha Jabir al-Alwani ( Arabic طه جابر العلواني, DMG Ṭāhā Ǧābir al-ʿAlwānī ; born 1935 in Iraq ; died March 4, 2016 in the US , often spelling Taha Jabir Alalwani ) was an Islamic legal scholar, influential intellectual, and ideologue who is considered one of the most important thinkers in the Muslim world today. Since the 1980s he worked from the United States . He wrote about the Islamization of knowledge , the necessity of idschtihād , and is considered to be a 'pioneer' of the concept of Fiqh al-aqallīyāt (Islamic minority law), together with Yusuf al-Qaradawi , the co-founder and chairman of the European Council for Fatwa and Research ( ECFR ).

Al-Alwani was President of the Islamic Cordoba University in Ashburn , Virginia (Dean of the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences there ) and founder and former chairman of the Fiqh Council of North America ( FCNA ). Since 1987 he has been a member of the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) in Jeddah ( Saudi Arabia ).

Life

Al-Alwani was born in Iraq in 1935 and attended the Faculty of Sharia and Law at the prestigious al-Azhar University in Cairo , Egypt . He received his bachelor's degree in 1959, his master's degree in 1968 and his doctorate in 1973 on uṣūl al-fiqh (fundamentals of law). From 1963 to 1969, al-Alwani served as a clergyman and lecturer in Islamic Studies at the Iraqi Military Academy. From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s he taught as a professor of fiqh and usūl al-fiqh at the Islamic University of Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . In the 1980s, he co-founded the International Institute of Islamic Thought (International Institute for Islamic Thought; abbr. IIIT) in the United States. He was also a founding member of the Council of the Muslim World League (Council of the Muslim World League ) in Mecca . In 1983 he emigrated to the USA. He was married to the political scientist Mona Abul-Fadl (1945-2008). He lived in Virginia with his family .

Teaching

Like Yusuf al-Qaradawi , al-Alwani tried to apply Islamic norms to Western conditions, especially in the United States. Al-Alwani is regarded as the father of the doctrine of Fiqh al-aqallīyāt ( jurisprudence of Islamic minorities ), according to Palina Kedem a doctrine which, as an Islamic minority law, is supposed to regulate the everyday life of Muslims in non-Muslim countries and to make the Islamic worldview compatible with life there . The doctrine draws its sources from Salafism and aims as a first step towards the unification and integration of the Muslim minorities. As a final step, the aim is then to spread Islam across the world beyond the Muslim societies. The teaching is most strongly represented by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the leading Sunni legal scholar today, also by Sheikh Abdallah Bin Bayyah .

Publications (selection)

  • Islamic Thought: An Approach to Reform
  • Source Methodology in Islamic Jurisprudence (The Usul of Islamic Fiqh)
  • The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam
  • The Qur'an and the Sunnah: The Time-Space Factor.
  • Towards a Fiqh for Muslim Minorities (London, Washington: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2003). ( Content report , comments )
  • Draft of an alternative culture plan . Translated by Fatima Grimm and Hanna Niemann. Muslim Student Association in Germany, Marburg 1992. ISBN 3-932399-12-9 .
  • Outlines of a Cultural Strategy (International Institute of Islamic Thought; Occasional Papers 1) International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, VA, USA, 1989, ISBN 9780912463582 ( partial online view )
  • Missing Dimensions in Contemporary Islamic Movements. Translated from Arabic by IIIT Department of Translation. Herndon / London, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1996 ('Occasional Papers', Volume 9). ["Contemporary Islamic Discourse: Missing Dimensions", "The Decline of the Ummah: Underlying Causes", "Towards a Comprehensive View of the Revelation and the World", "Summary", "Towards a Resolution of the Crisis", "Course of Action ", and" Concluding Remarks ".]
  • With Dr. Imad al Din Khalil: The Koran and the Sunnah: the time-space factor . Occasional Papers Vol. 3. International Institute of Islamic Thought, London, 2000
(An extensive list of his publications can be found in the personal article on the Arabic-language Wikipedia.)

literature

Web links

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ cf. z. BSF Hassan, p. 98 ( partial online view ).
  2. ↑ Ie the jurisprudence of Islamic minorities ( fiqh al-aqalliyyāt ). - Cf. Jörg Schlabach: Sharia in the West: Muslims under non-Islamic rule and the development of a Muslim minority right for Europe . 2009 ( partial online view )
  3. ↑ Cordoba University trains Muslim chaplains for the American military at the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences (GSISS) attached to it . - See the United States: Arab Lobby in the United States Handbook: Organization, Operations, Performance . 2015 Edition International Business Publications, USA; ISBN 1-4387-0226-4 , p. 88 ( partial online view )
  4. ^ Fiqh Council of North America , abbr. FCNA
  5. ↑ Shammai Fishman: Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat: A Legal Theory for Muslim Minorities : "From 1963 to 1969, al-Alwani served as a chaplain and lecturer in the field of Islamic Studies at the Iraqi Military Academy". - Deviating from this, docplayer.org (previously available at islaminstitut.de ( memento of the original from June 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove it Note. ): "From 1968 to 1975 as a lecturer at the Iraqi Military Academy in Baghdad". @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.islaminstitut.de
  6. ↑ See Peter Heine
  7. ↑ cf. United States - Arab Lobby in the United States Handbook: Organization, Operations, Performance (World Business and Investment Library). 2015 ( partial online view ), p. 70: "perhaps the most influential distributor of Saudi Arabian money on earth".
  8. ↑ On Qaradawi, cf. Bettina Gräf and Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen (eds.): Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf al-Qaradawi. (London 2009) & Shammai Fishman: Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat: A Legal Theory for Muslim Minorities . Research Monographs on the Muslim World Series No 1, Paper No 2, October 2006.
  9. ↑ Cf. Jörg Schlabach: Sharia in the West: Muslims under non-Islamic rule and the development of a Muslim minority right for Europe . 2009 ( partial online view )
  10. ↑ The attitude in Islam and Judaism to the status of the Muslim minority in Israel (Palina Kedem) - kas.de
Taha Jabir al-Alwani (alternative names of the lemma)
Ṭāhā Ǧābir al-ʿAlwānī; Taha Jabir Al-Alawani; Ṭāhā Jābir Fayyāḍ ʻAlwānī; Taha Jabir al-Alwani; Taha Jabir al-Alwani; Taha Jabir al-ʿAlawani; Ṭaha Jābir Al-ʿAlwānī
personal data
SURNAME Alwani, Taha Jabir al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Alwani, Taha Jabir al
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Islamic legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH 1935
PLACE OF BIRTH Iraq
DATE OF DEATH 4th March 2016
Place of death United States