Folsom dam
| Folsom dam | ||
|---|---|---|
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 38 ° 42 '28 " N , 121 ° 9' 32" W | |
| country |
 United States
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| place | Folsom , Sacramento County , California | |
| Waters | American River | |
| Height upstream | 142 m | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | USBR | |
| operator | USBR | |
| construction time | 1948 to 1956 | |
| Start of operation | 1955 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 198.72 megawatts | |
| Standard work capacity | 600 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | Francis turbines : 3 × 66.24 MW | |
| Others | ||
The dam Folsom ( English Folsom Dam ) is a dam with hydroelectric plant in Sacramento County , State of California , USA . It dams the American River to a reservoir (English Folsom Lake ). The town of Folsom is a little downstream from the dam.
The dam was primarily designed as flood protection for the city of Sacramento; In addition, it is also used to generate electricity and supply drinking water. Construction of the dam began in 1948. It was completed in 1956. The dam was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers ; the cost of its construction amounted to 81.5 million USD . The dam is owned by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and is also operated by the USBR.
Barrier structure
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The barrier structure consists of a concrete gravity dam with a height of 103.6 m (340 ft ) in the middle and earth embankments that adjoin it on both sides of the dam. The top of the wall is 146.5 m (480.5 ft) above sea level . The length of the top of the wall is 426.7 m (1400 ft). The thickness of the dam is 82.3 m (270 ft) at the base and 11 m (36.25 ft) at the top. The volume of the concrete used is 894,529 m³ (1.17 million cubic yards ).
The length of the earthfill dam on the left side of the dam is 640 m (2100 ft) with a maximum height of 44.2 m (145 ft); the length of the dam on the right is 2042 m (6700 ft) with a maximum height of 44.2 m (145 ft). To the east of the left dam is another Mormon Island Auxiliary Dam with a length of 1469 m (4820 ft) and a maximum height of 33.5 m (110 ft). There are also eight other dams, ranging in length from 225.5 m (740 ft) to 628 m (2060 ft).
The dam wall has both a flood relief and a bottom outlet . A maximum of 16,055 m³ / s (567,000 cft / s) can be discharged via the flood relief with its eight pressure segment weirs , and a maximum of 787 m³ / s (27,800 cft / s) via the bottom outlet.
On July 17, 1995 one of the segment weirs failed when it was about to be opened slightly. As a result, 1132 m³ / s (40,000 cft / s) were suddenly released from the reservoir. In total, around 40% of the reservoir leaked before the segment weir could be repaired. The cost of repairing the destroyed segment weir and inspecting the remaining weirs was USD 20 million.
From 2011 to 2017 second additional spillway was ( English Auxiliary Spillway erected) which runs along the left earthfill. The cost of this expansion is given as $ 900 million . The weirs of the new flood relief are at a height of 112 m (368 ft), which is 15 m (50 ft) lower than the weirs of the original flood relief on the dam, which are at a height of 127 m (418 ft). The additional flood relief should make it possible to avoid flooding by early, rapid lowering of the dam target.
Reservoir
At the normal storage target of 142 m (466 ft), the reservoir extends over an area of around 45.08 km² (11,140 acres ) and holds 1.19 billion m³ (966,823 acre-feet ) of water. In 2005 an investigation of the reservoir was carried out. It was found that the storage space has decreased by 53.5 million m³ (43,407 acre-feet ) since the impoundment in 1955 due to sedimentation . The reservoir has a length of 45 km (28 miles ). The maximum congestion destination is 146.3 m (480 ft).
power plant
The power plant is located at the foot of the dam on the right side of the river. It went into operation in 1955 and is used to cover peak loads .
The installed capacity is, after a power increase, which was conducted in 1972 198.72 MW ; it was originally 162 MW. The 3 Francis turbines of the power plant each have a maximum output of 66.24 MW (previously 54 MW).
Annual production fluctuates: in 2006 it was around 894 million kWh , while in 2001 only around 302 million kWh were produced. The long-term average annual production is 600 million kWh.
Three penstocks with a diameter of 4.5 m (15 ft) lead through the dam to the power plant's nacelle. The drop height is 91.4 m (300 ft). The maximum flow is 226.5 m³ / s (8000 cft / s) for all three turbines.
See also
Web links
- Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway, Phase IV. YouTube , March 15, 2018, accessed March 16, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Folsom Dam. United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), accessed March 16, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Folsom Powerplant. USBR, accessed March 16, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c HYDRAULIC MODEL FOLSOM DAM SPILLWAY AND STILLING BASIN - STUDY OF PERFORMANCE ABRASION. (PDF) USBR, September 1, 1999, pp. 3, 7 , accessed on March 21, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b c Folsom Dam: Basic Facts. (PDF) cadswes2.colorado.edu, pp. 2–3, 6–12 , accessed on March 21, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b c Folsom Lake 2005 Sedimentation Survey. (PDF) USBR, January 1, 2007, pp. 2–4 , accessed on March 16, 2019 (English).
- ↑ Case Study: Folsom Dam (California, 1995). damfailures.org, accessed March 21, 2019 .
- ^ Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway. (PDF) USBR, accessed on March 16, 2019 (English).
- ^ Reclamation Tests New Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway Ahead of Final Commissioning. USBR, January 23, 2018, accessed March 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Folsom Powerplant. (PDF) www.calwater.ca.gov, July 17, 1997, accessed on March 16, 2019 .
- ^ A b Folsom Powerplant Central Valley Project. (PDF) USBR, pp. 1–2 , accessed on March 16, 2019 (English).
- ^ Folsom Hydro Power Plant CA USA. Global Energy Observatory, accessed March 16, 2019 .