Closed time

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The times of penance in the ecclesiastical year of the Catholic Church , Lent and Advent are referred to as closed times ( Latin: tempus clausum , tempus feriatum ) .

These liturgical times were subject to certain restrictions that were intended to prevent secular festivities from interfering with the serious penitential character. During these times, the believers should prepare for the solemn Christmas and Easter celebrations in their personal life through fasting and abstinence and a deeper prayer life, "mortifications" and alms . In these closed times it was not allowed to dance and celebrate lavishly. The diocese of Augsburg issued the following statement: “Public merrymaking and dancing are prohibited during the closed time. To abstain from private events of this kind, too, is a wish and a warning of the Church. "

origin

The protection of penalties has been particularly emphasized since the Council of Trent , which in its 24th session in 1563 emphasized ecclesiastical marriage as one of the seven sacraments against the reformers and in this context determined:

“Si quis dixerit, prohibitionem solemnitatis nuptiarum certis anni temporibus superstitionem esse tyrannicam, from ethnicorum superstitione profectam; aut benedictiones et alias ceremonias, quibus Ecclesia in illis utitur, damnaverit: anathema sit. "

- Enchiridion Symbolorum 1811

“Who says that the prohibition of solemn weddings at certain times of the year is tyrannical superstition that stems from the superstition of the pagans; or condemn the blessings and other ceremonies that the church uses in this process: that is occupied with the anathema. "

- Council of Trent , 24th session, can. 11.

The Codex Iuris Canonici of 1917 (can. 1108) forbade solemn marriage with bridal mass and bridal blessing from the first Sunday in Advent to the first Christmas holiday and from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday ; Exceptions “for a just cause” were possible, silent weddings were always allowed. The 1983 CIC does not contain such regulations. The Ordo celebrandi matrimonium of the Rituale Romanum now urges the pastors to admonish those wishing to marry during the times of penance "to be considerate of the special nature of the day"; Weddings on Good Friday and Holy Saturday are excluded.

Vernacular

The popular expression "Kathrein stops dancing" is derived from the approach of the closed time of Advent. The feast day of St. Katharina is one of the last saints' feasts before Advent.

Correspondence in Protestant church music

During Johann Sebastian Bach's creative time in Leipzig , no extensive church music was performed on the second to fourth Sunday in Advent or on Sundays during Lent - with the exception of the solemnity of the Annunciation of the Lord .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Adolf Adam: Closed time . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 4 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, Sp. 574 .
  2. ^ Official Journal of the Diocese of Augsburg 1930, pp. 52–54.
  3. ^ Denzinger: Enchiridion Symbolorum
  4. ↑ The celebration of the wedding in the Catholic dioceses of the German-speaking area. Second edition. Edited on behalf of the Bishops' Conferences of Germany, Austria and Switzerland as well as the (arch) bishops of Bozen-Brixen, Liège, Luxembourg and Strasbourg. Zurich et al. 1992, no. 31, Praenotanda no. 32; Pastoral Introduction No. 22.