Teos
Coordinates: 38 ° 10 ′ 38 ″ N , 26 ° 47 ′ 6 ″ E
Teos ( Greek Τέως ) was an ancient city in Ionia ( Asia Minor ). The city is located around 35 kilometers southwest of today's city of İzmir ( Turkey ), the ancient Smyrna, near Sığacık.
Important ruins are the remains of the Temple of Dionysus , which was built by the architect Hermogenes between 220 and 190 BC. Was built, an odeon with 11 rows of seats and a Hellenistic theater from the 2nd century BC. BC, which is on the slope of a small acropolis with archaic wall remains.
545 BC The Thracian coastal city of Abdera (Hellenistic " Schilda ") was repopulated from Teos . Teos - a city with its own local Teos calendar - was a member of the Ionian League and participated in 499 BC. At the Ionian revolt against the predominance of the Persians, which led to the Persian Wars between 490 and 479 BC. Led. At the end of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Sparta succeeded in conquering the Ionian port city after the naval battle of Notion (407/406 BC), but after the battle of Knidos in 394 BC it was possible to conquer it . Against Athens and the Persian satrap Pharnabazos soon to lose again. Through the so-called King's Peace of 387/386 BC Teos became part of the Persian Empire. The domination of the Persian great kings over the city ended with the conquest of Alexander the great.
Since a number of important Greek inscriptions from Teos have been preserved, the history of the city during the 3rd century BC is particularly important. Well documented. Between 306 and 301, the Macedonian king Antigonus I Monophthalmos (the one-eyed man) , who exercised power over Ionia at that time, tried to unite Teos with the neighboring city of Lebedos in a new settlement ( Synoikismos ). However, the project failed because his rival Lysimachos succeeded in conquering Ionia. Lysimachus, however, pursued his own plans and settled the inhabitants of Lebedos not in Teos, but in Ephesus . An extensive inscription also reports that the city was built around 300 BC. Was the victim of an attack by a mercenary group (referred to in the text as "pirates") who captured a number of citizens in the city and demanded a large ransom. The text describes the measures that the inhabitants of the city had to take in order to raise the required ransom and, according to the latest research, probably dates back to between 287/6 and 283 BC. To date. The inscription does not reveal who the “pirates” were or where they came from. Presumably they were in the service of Lysimachus, who tried in this way to assert power interests against the city.
After Lysimachus 281 BC. After losing battle and life at Kouroupedion, the Seleucid kings exerted significant influence on the city. Since 229 BC The rulers of Pergamon , which had grown into a major political force in the meantime, successfully claimed Teos, conquered the city and made it obligatory to pay tributes. In the years around 200 BC The First Cretan War (206 / 205–201 BC) threatened the Ionian coasts. The Seleucid King Antiochus III. wrested the city from the Pergamene kings and moved in 204/203 BC. In the city, as an inscription reports. 190 BC The Romans plundered the area around Teos because their inhabitants, who were on the side of Antiochus, refused to deliver stored supplies to the enemy. Antiochus III. lost the war against Rome and had to withdraw from Asia Minor. 188 BC Through the Peace of Apamea , Teos became part of the empire of Pergamon for a second time. At the turn of the 3rd to the 2nd century BC Chr. Fall a "sacred and inviolable" the efforts of Teos, the status of Indianapolis (polis hiera kai asylos) to acquire ( asylia ).
Since the second half of the 3rd century BC Teos was the seat of an association of Dionysian Technites . Under this name, musicians, actors and poets came together to carry out ritual celebrations to worship the main deity of the city, Dionysus, in the form of musical performances and musical competitions.
Teos was the home of the poet Anakreon and the book collector Apellikon and the birthplace of a kitharoden named Athenodoros, who lived in 324 BC. Occurred at the mass wedding of Susa .
literature
- George Ewart Bean : Teos (Siğacik or Siğacak) Turkey . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- George Ewart Bean: Asia Minor . Volume 1. Aegean Turkey from Pergamon to Didyma . 5th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-17-009678-8 , pp. 135-146.
- Sophia Aneziri: The associations of the Dionysian technites in the context of the Hellenistic society. Investigations into the history, organization and effect of the Hellenistic technite associations . Stuttgart 2003.
- Peter Herrmann: Antiochus the Great and Teos . In: Anadolu . tape 9 , 1965, pp. 29-160 .
- Ludwig Meier: The so-called pirate attack on Teos and the Diadochi: A new edition of the inscription SEG 44, 949 . In: Chiron . tape 47 , 2017, p. 115-188 .
- Aliki Moustaka et al. (Eds.): Klazomenai, Teos and Abdera: metropoleis and colony. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Archaeological Museum of Abdera, October 20-21, 2001 . Thessaloniki 2004, ISBN 960-12-1313-9 .
- Wolfram Hoepfner et al. (Ed.): Hermogenes and the high Hellenistic architecture . Mainz 1990.
- Lene Rubinstein: Teos . In: Mogens Herrman Hansen et al. (Ed.): An inventory of archaic and classical poleis . Oxford 2004, p. 1101-1102 .
- Sencer Şahin: Pirate attack on Teos. Popular resolution on the financing of extortion money . In: Epigraphica Anatolica . tape 23 , 1994, pp. 1-36 .
Web links
- Inscriptions from Teos
- Coins of Teos (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Athenaios 12,538e; Julius Kaerst : Athenodoros 10 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 2, Stuttgart 1896, Col. 2044 ..