Odeon (building)
The Odeon ( Latin odeum , Greek ᾠδεῖον ), also Odeion , was a building in ancient times that was used for performances and competitions in singing and instrumental music as well as for recitation lectures and council meetings. It was mostly of a semicircular floor plan and differed from the theater in that it was roofed.
Antiquity
The oldest known building of this type was that of Theodoros of Samos , an architect, inventor and artist mentioned many times in ancient sources from Herodotus to Pliny , who soon after the middle of the 6th century BC. BC experienced its heyday , Skias built on the Agora of Sparta . In Athens was Pericles 447 v. Establish an Odeon on the southeastern slope of the Acropolis , which was built in 86 BC. Torn down, but was soon rebuilt. Athens probably received a second Odeon on the market from Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , and a third from Herodes Atticus on the southwest slope of the castle (see Odeon of Herodes Atticus ).
Such structures are also known in Ephesus , Corinth , Patras and other Greek cities.
An odeum was built in Rome during the imperial era under Domitian . Such structures also existed in Roman provinces , such as Hippos in Palestine .
Modern times
In modern times , Odeon was used to designate larger buildings dedicated to music, theater and dance, e.g. B. the Odeon in Munich , the Odeon in Vienna (2nd district) or the Théâtre National de l'Odéon in Paris .
The name was then passed on to the early screening rooms for cinematographic films , see Nickelodeon .
literature
- Ruediger Meinel: The Odeion. Investigations on roofed ancient theater buildings. Lang, Frankfurt / Main and elsewhere, 1980, ISBN 3-8204-6462-X
- Odeion. In: Ernst Seidl (ed.): Lexicon of building types. Functions and forms of architecture . Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun. Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-15-010572-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Israel Hippos - Statuettes of Aphrodite, an Odeion and a basilica discovered ; in World and Environment of the Bible, Archeology - Art - History , Volume 1/2010, Katholisches Bibelwerk eV, Stuttgart, page 68
- ↑ Heiner Knell : Theodoros 1. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Volume 12, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01470-3 , column 322 f.