The History of Middle-earth

Tolkien's world
characters
Regions and places
Languages ​​and scripts
Objects

The twelve-volume historical-critical edition series The History of Middle-earth ( The History of Middle-earth , often with HoME abbreviated) is a collection of texts that after the death of JRR Tolkien by his son Christopher Tolkien published.

They depict the development of Tolkien's world from the earliest drafts to after the Lord of the Rings was written . Tolkien began recording his stories as early as 1916/1917. However, these first drafts were not published in two parts ( The Book of Lost Tales ; Volumes 1 and 2 of the History of Middle-Earth ) by his son Christopher Tolkien until the early 1980s , when interest in Tolkien's work grew. The Book of Lost Stories is an early form of Tolkien's mythology, as it is later told in the Silmarillion by Christopher Tolkien. These stories are linked to the mythology and history of Great Britain and the different peoples who colonized it. The later volumes (especially volumes 6 to 9) focus on the origin of the Lord of the Rings . They contain early versions of the chapters there and thus serve as an aid for academic study of Tolkien's works. Volumes 10 to 12 depict the evolution of mythology after the Lord of the Rings was published .

Volumes

The History of Middle-earth includes the following original titles:

1. The Book of Lost Tales, part I.
2. The Book of Lost Tales, part II
3. The Lays of Beleriand
4. The Shaping of Middle-earth
5. The Lost Road and Other Writings
6. The Return of the Shadow
7. The Treason of Isengard
8. The War of the Ring
9. Sauron Defeated
10. Morgoth's ring
11. The War of the Jewels
12. The Peoples of Middle-earth

Also published:

• The History of Middle-earth Index

Volumes 1 and 2 have been published by Klett-Cotta Verlag as German editions, based on a translation by Hans J. Schütz, under the name The Book of Lost Stories . It tells of the creation of the world of Arda up to the end of the First Age.

part 1

In the preface, author Christopher Tolkien explains in detail the purpose of the two volumes.

The hut of the forgotten game

The hut of the forgotten game represents the beginning of the Lost Tales and tells of Eriol, a seafarer who was driven far to the west with his ship and there reached the lonely island (Tol Eressea). Here he goes to the center of the island and comes to the place Kortirion (Tower of Kor), where he reaches the hut of the forgotten game. As the day is drawing to a close, he asks to be admitted there. He is led to the fire of stories, where legends or sagas are recited every evening. There Vaire, the mistress of this house, tells him about the Olóre Malle , the 'path of dreams', and a place near Valinor , where the hut for children and sheltered games stood, i.e. the counterpart to the hut of forgotten games.

The section is supplemented by notes, followed by the poem You and me and the Cottage of Lost Play in English and as a translation (“You and Me and the Cottage of the Forgotten Play”) in several versions. The final title is the Elvish equivalent for the hut of the forgotten game 'Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva'.

Another poem called Kortirion among the Trees is also described in detail, 'Kortirion under the trees'. In the later version, the individual drafts of the poem have Elvish titles. Alalminórë 'elm country' is the province in which Kortirion is located (it is equated with Warwickshire ). Narquelion 'sun sinking ', which means the autumn time, Hrívion 'of winter', or the last verse Mettanyë , which roughly means 'closing words' or 'conclusion'.

The music of the Ainur

Here the story of Eriol continues. Another day he meets Rúmil, who is passing in the gardens under his window. Rúmil understands the languages ​​of all beings in the world and knows many stories. So he tells Eriol about those things that no human had ever known before; of Ilúvatar 'All-creating Father' and the creation of the world.

See also : The Silmarillion section of creation story (Ainulindale)

The arrival of the Valar and the founding of Valinor

That same evening, by the fire, Rúmil tells the stories of how the Ainur , who from then on were called the Valar, came to Arda. But one of them, who was called Melko (or Melkor) and was the most powerful of them, tried to destroy this world and all things that the rest of the Valar thought up. They confronted him, he promised improvement and some believed him, so they let him go. They allowed him to make two tall pillars, focused the light and placed a silver light on the north and a golden light in the south. But Melkor had betrayed them, because the pillars were made of ice and melted and the lights were destroyed. Thereupon began a long darkness known as the first night.

In this darkness the Valar came to Aman and established their residence Valinor there. Each of them created their own refuge; Manwe and Varda on Mount Taniquetil, Namo his halls, which were called Mandos, or Irmo, whose beautiful gardens were called Lórien. However, Melkor stayed on the continent of Middle-earth and built the fortress Utumno. And for a while there was silence on Arda.

In this section are two drawings by JRR Tolkien, the early map, a top view of the world of Arda, and a side view called I Vene Kemen 'The Ship of the World'. And another poem, Habbanan beneath the Stars ("Habbanan under the stars"). Christopher Tolkien interprets this as a parable for purgatory, or hell and the kingdom of heaven.

The incarceration of Melko

Eriol had a dream in which he heard wondrous, bewitching music. When he asks Vaire about it, she tells him that it wasn't dream music, but the lovely melody of Timpinen 'Zwitschervogel', a flute player of the Solosimpi ('coastal piper', an old name for the Teleri elves ). This melody has the effect that one would love the summer evenings and the starry nights forever, which fills the heart with longing and melancholy, explains Vaire. That the Elves themselves had a potion against this melancholy called Limpe and that Meril-i-Turinqi , ' Rose Princess', mistress of the island, made for them.

So Eriol sets out to visit her in her garden and ask for that drink. But she refuses, pointing out that he first has to learn a lot about the world and the old days of men or the wisdom of the eldar (elves) before he can possibly taste it. Then Meril tells him about a time of peace called Melkor's Chains . When Yavanna Palúrien ' Fruiting Earth Crust Maid ' scattered the seeds in Middle-earth so that plants could flourish there, ancient spirits also awoke there and some came from the north from Melkor's fortress Utumno. And Melkor himself made the earth shake and it broke, so that some parts sank into the sea.

Then the Valar consulted and Aule created the indestructible chain Angaino 'the oppressor', which he had fused from six different metals. In addition, two handcuffs Vorotemnar ' that bind forever' and four ankle shackles Ilterendi 'the inseparable'. The Valar armed themselves and set out to see their senses or to take Melkor prisoner. And since he was not ready to see, they put him in chains and locked him up in the halls of Mandos for three ages.

The chapter ends with two more poems by Tolkien: Tinfang Warble 'Zwitschervogel' and Over old Hills and Far Away 'Over old mountains and far away'.

The arrival of the Elves and the founding of Kôr

Eriol asks Meril what happened after Melkor was detached. And Meril continues with her story. Melkor had almost served his sentence when Manwe announced to Varda one day that the eldar had finally awakened. She went to Aule and told him about this news. He then threw his hammer on the ground, which crashed onto a block of silver, causing bright sparks to rise. It was these sparks that inspired Varda to create the stars from liquid silver and she put countless of them in the firmament. But from the seven sparks that Aules Hammer had created, a constellation was created that is known today as the Big Dipper or Big Bear , the Elves call it the sickle of the Valar .

Orome had also noticed the awakening of the elves and he returned with a relieved cry: “Tulielto! Tulieoto! “'You have come!' back to Valinor, for he had seen her for himself at the lake of Cuiviénen , 'Water of Awakening'. So Nornore , the herald of Manwe, was sent to the Elves to first bring their three leaders Inwe, Finwe and Elwe to Valinor so that everyone could see them with their own eyes and learn about their wishes and concerns. And when these came the Valar were so delighted with them that they wished that the firstborn children of Iluvatar would live with them in Valinor. So this offer was made to them by Manwe and Nornore brought them back to Middle-earth, where they told their people of the blessings and the beauty of this place. So it came about that many of the Eldar followed the call of the Valar and founded their city of Kôr, illuminated by the magical trees of light and blessed by the proximity to the Valar. Here Feanor created the three Silmarilli , the self-luminous gemstones, in which the light of the two trees and the shine of mother- of- pearl were enclosed, which would later become the doom of the Elves.

Here, too, two little poems follow. Kôr - In a City Lost and Dead 'Kôr - In an Deserted and Dead City' and A Song of Aryador 'Ein Lied von Aryador'. ( Aryador means 'land of shadow')

Melkos theft and the darkening of Valinor

Eriol returns to the House of Lost Tales to follow Meril's advice and continue studying. This time it is Lindo 'the singer', Vaire's husband, who tells him about the next events. Melkor had been released, but had to work as a servant for Tulkas for a very long time . This stoked his resentment against the rest of the Valar and, in addition, the increasing skill and artistry of the Noldor elves, which they showed in making beautiful things, aroused his envy of these creations. He was particularly fond of the Silmaril. At first he tried to get to these works of art or to acquire some of their knowledge through cunning words and flattery. But when he was unsuccessful, he began telling them lies about the Valar's intentions. "They are nothing but slaves for the Valar, who locked them up in Valinor for their own benefit and withheld their true inheritance, the great, wide lands of Middle-earth." So it came about that not a few believed his words and so there was unrest in them Rows of the Noldor and a feeling of discontent spread among them. But when Melkor learned that some of them were going to ask Manwe's advice, he beat them up and slandered them by saying that the Elves would revolt against Manwe's rule. Manwe also had the Noldor audition. Then he sent Melkor back to Mandos for a while and instructed Aule to establish the Noldor's own city outside of Kôr so that their discontent would not infect the other clans of the Eldar.

When a great feast was being celebrated in memory of the arrival of the Elves in Valinor, Melkor came out and committed his worst deed to date. He killed Bruithwir (later in the Silmarillion Finwe, the father of Feanor) who, against the order of the Valar, had stayed behind in his city to guard it and its treasures. And Melkor stole the most precious of them, the Silmarilli . He fled to Eruman 'wasteland', an uninhabited area south of Valinor. Bruithwir was buried and the place where his body rested was called Cum a Gumlaith 'the burial mound of the First Sorrow'. There, at the grave of his father, that dark thought arose in Feanor, which finally led him to the fateful oath that resulted in the departure of the Noldor from Valinor.

In Eruman , however, Melkor came across Ungwe ​​Liante , 'weaver of gloom' (later Ungoliant), the dark shadow spider. He allied with her to take revenge on the Valar for his long sufferings and humiliations. Protected by the shadow of the spider, the two sneaked to Valinor and destroyed the Two Trees of Light there. But this time he did not fled back south with the spider, but turned north and crossed the Helcaraxe 'Eisabbruch', the icy connection between Aman and Middle-earth.

See also : Section The Age of Trees

The escape of the Noldoli

Feanor gathers the Noldor around him and tells them to finally throw off the chains of bondage and leave Valinor. Nóleme (later Fingolfin) tries to persuade Feanor to stay and asks him to first ask Manwe for advice; when this falls on deaf ears, and because he does not want to be separated from his people, he finally follows Feanor. What followed was the worst act of the Noldor, which went down in history as the murder of the Alqualonde family, but which was never sung about in their songs.

The Noldor turned to the port city of Alqalunte (later Alqualonde) 'swan port ' to ask the Solosimpi (Teleri) for their support and ships. But they denied them both, so that the Noldor killed many of them and finally robbed the ships. But since not all of them could find a place on the ships, some marched across the Helcaraxe, here called Qerkaringa 'frosty gulf'. Of the Noldor who set out, many never arrived in Middle-earth.

The story of the sun and moon

One evening when Eriol asks Lindo at the fire of stories about the origin of the sun and moon, the arrival of the people and the deeds of the Noldor in Middle-earth, a guest who is called Gilfanon a-Davrobel, happens to be present, because he comes from there Area of ​​the island that is exclusively inhabited by the Noldor and that is called Tavrobel 'forest village' in their language . Gilfanon 'Star Cloud ' had traveled far and wide and was considered a friend of the children of men and the oldest elf of Tol Eressea. Lindo advises Eriol to contact him and accompany him for a while, after which he reports on the creation of the sun and moon.

When the Valar learned that both Melkor and the Noldor had left Valinor and reached Middle-earth, they gathered to deliberate. Vána and many other Valiër and Elves collected the remaining glowing liquid that could still be found in Valinor and went to the trees. There at the silver tree Silpion ' silver cherry' Lórien sang powerful magic melodies and watered his withered roots with the rest of the silver light, but without success. Vána did the same with Laurelin, but her golden chants were also in vain. Manwe advised them to enclose all the remaining light in large containers and to place them, out of reach for Melkor, in the layers of the sky, where they should commute on a path between east and west.

In a final effort Yavanna tried to make the trees sprout with her mighty chants of growth, transience and rebirth. In the end all her strength was used up and the trees were as dead as before. The Valar left this place for all hope was lost. Only Vána sadly embraced her beloved tree, Laurelin, and her painful tears wet its roots. And where her first tear fell to the ground, suddenly a delicate sapling sprang up, budded and shone in a golden light. Vána began to sing for joy and the Valar heard it. I-kal antúlien 'the light has returned'. And from one last large blossom a glistening fruit emerged, from which Aule finally formed the ship of the sun. Urwendi the sun woman became the driver of Kalavente , the 'ship of light'.

However, the light from the new sun was so bright and hot that it would wilt the flowers if left in one place for long periods of time. Still mourning the cooler silver light of Silpion, Lórien went to him, sang one last wistful song and touched his wound with his hand. And at that moment, Silpion also came to life one last time and produced a silver blossom. Lórien named her Rose des Silpion . A silver barge was forged for this flower and so the moon was created. This vehicle was driven by Ilinsor 'the shimmering one', who was also called Uole Kuvion 'floodlight of the moon' or the man in the moon.

A little poem follows, Why the Man in the Moon came down too soon ' Why the Man in the Moon came down much too early'.

See also The Adventures of Tom Bombadil for two of the "Man in the Moon" poems.

The covering of Valinor

The next story is told by Vaire. At first, the two ships of the sun and moon drove on unsteady paths across the sky, without any order, as the drivers just thought. Manwe called a meeting. The Elves feared that now that Melkor ruled the rest of the world, even Valinor would no longer be a safe place, so they voiced their concerns in front of Manwe. Many of the Valar also spoke out in favor of covering Valinor so that no one should ever disturb their peace again. Only Ulmo , who had the gift of foresight, asked for pity and forgiveness for the exiled Noldor, who would never find their way back in this way.

The Valar piled the mountains in the east to insurmountable heights and Yavanna (Kémi), the earth queen, filled the gorges and valleys with more cruel horrors than even Melkor's fortress Utumno had ever seen. The webs that Ungoliant had left behind when they attacked the Two Trees were spread out over the plains east of the mountain range, so that there was an impenetrable, sticky darkness that stretched far into the bay and covered the seas of shadow. Finally, Aule smashed the ice masses of the Helcaraxe with his mighty hammer, the land bridge that connected Valinor to Middle-earth, and Tulkas tore it apart so that it no longer existed. Osse put the Enchanted Islands in the sea to protect the bay of Eldamar 'Elbenheim'.

At Manwe's request, Lórien created that winding path of dreams (Olóre Malle) that only the Valar and Elves can walk, or the children of men when they are young and dreaming. It led past the hut of the children of the earth (see above The hut of the forgotten game ) and over delicate bridges, like clouds of mist, on winding paths over the great sea. Also Orome built a magical bridge from the golden hair of Vána, and this appears to men and elves in Middle-earth, sometimes as a dazzling rainbow when one of the Valar wanders over them to visit their world. There is only one other path that leads directly to Valinor and that is Qalvanda 'the road of death' which leads to the halls of Mandos and Fui Nienna .

Vaire tells of the gates on the edge of the world, through which the sun pulls into the outer darkness in the evening before it reappears in the morning through the gate in the east. And finally she tells how the days, months and years came about. Three old men suddenly appeared at Manwe's and greeted him. Nobody had ever seen them before and so Manwe asks who they are. They looked very strange, for one was small and thin, another of normal stature and the third very thick and large, but all ancient and of indomitable strength. They said that their names are Danuin 'day', Ranuin 'month' and Fanuin 'year' and that they are brothers and that they wanted to help them control the orbits of the sun and moon. The Valar consented, and after two twelve hours Danuin returned, tied an invisible rope to the sun ship, and left. After twenty-eight nights, Ranuin came, tied a similar rope to the ship of the moon, and disappeared. And after Rána (the moon) grew and waned thirteen times, Fanuin finally appeared. And he attached his huge, invisible rope to both ships. He said to Manwe: “Behold, O Súlimo, Lord of the Gods, the work is finished, and the ships of light are locked in the indestructible fetters of time, which neither you nor you will ever break and from which they cannot escape, although they cannot these fetters are invisible to all living beings that Ilúvatar created; nevertheless they are the strongest of all things. "

Now Danuin and Ranuin reappeared, putting the ends of their ropes in Manwe's hands so that from now on he could direct the coming and going. Fanuins Tau, however, was at a rock of Taniquetil 'is attached, which, High Peak White Gonlath , rope stone' was called. From then on everything was subject to gradual aging, even the gods. For the three men declared that they were the children of Aluin 'Zeit', the eldest of the Ainur, who was Ilúfather's subject. With those last words, they went back to where they had come from.

After Vaire finishes her story, she utters another prophecy about the end of the world.

Gilfanon's story

It bears the subtitle: "The suffering of the Noldoli and the arrival of the human race". Gilfanon continues the narration the following evening. He tells of Tû the magician, one of those elves who had not heeded the call of the Valar to come to Valinor and his loyal Nuin, who had roamed far through the forests of Middle-earth before the sun and moon were created. One day this Nuin came by chance into a remote valley that was filled with the scent of lovely flowers. He immediately realized that this could only be Murmenalda, the 'valley of sleep'. There he found the sleeping people and hurried back to Tû to tell him about it.

The story of Gilfanon ends here, and there are some earlier or later conceptions of this story and the narrative of the exiled Noldor in Middle-earth. This part of the narrative is therefore only a fragment.

attachment

This is followed by a section with explanations of the names (from the Quenya dictionary), their roots and their meanings, as well as a register of the Elvish terms and proper names mentioned in the book. Volume 1 ends here.

• Note for better understanding: Eriol, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Ælfwine of England , is a human. The inhabitants of the island of Tol Eressea (that is associated with Great Britain) are among the last Elves in Middle-earth, some of them, including Gilfanon, are descendants of the Noldor.
• The House of Lost Tales is the little hut where Eriol lives most of the time on Tol Eressea. He visits Meril-i-Turinqi in Alalminóre once and accompanies Gilfanon to Tavrobel for a while, so he keeps coming back there.

Volume 2

The story of Tinúviel

Eriol has been living on Tol Eressea, the lonely island, for a while, and winter has come. When he is playing with the children of the house, as is so often the case, the girl Veanne (possibly 'the heroic') asks him if he would tell them a story from his homeland. And Eriol tells them about why he ended up on the coast when his parents died and about his adventures at sea. About the old man on a lonely island in the west, who told him about things beyond the Western Sea and thus aroused his curiosity, so that he finally ended up here.

Then Veanne begins to tell the story of Tinúviel . She reports on the encounter between Tinwelint and Gwendeling, and their love eventually resulted in two children; Dairon, the flute player, who was one of the three most famous magic musicians of the Elves, and Lúthien, called Tinúviel, the most beautiful of all Elf children, because she was the daughter of a Maia . Dairon and Tinúviel now often went into the woods, where Dairon played music and Tinúviel danced lightly to it. But one evening in June Beren came there by chance. Enchanted by the wonderful melody and Tinúviel's graceful dance, he came closer, stepped into the moonlight and was spotted by Dairon, who called out to his sister that she should flee because an enemy had entered her parents' realm. Dairon jumped away, but Tinúviel hid. But Beren touched her with his hand, so that she jumped up and fled. Beren was now full of desire and followed her into the forest, but she stayed gone.

Beren looked for her for a long time. Finally she came back and danced near him, luring him and he follows her to the bridge over the river that led to her father's hall. He called after her: "Tinúviel!", The name he heard from Dairon's mouth. This is how their love story began. When Beren was invited to the king's hall, he asked Tinwelint for his daughter's hand. But in return the king asked for a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth, their most powerful enemy. Beren set out to comply with this request.

Now began a long and dangerous adventure in which Beren, with the help of Tinúviel and the dog Huan, managed to capture the Silmaril. When they tried to escape, Karkaras, a wolf of Morgoth, stood in their way and bit Beren's hand along with the Silmaril in it. This gem, however, seared the wolf's throat so that it let go of them and they could flee. Huan helped them this time too. But Karkaras followed them to the vicinity of Tinwelint's halls, where Beren now stepped before the king without the Silmaril and demanded his price, for he said he had the Silmaril in his hand, even if it was now in the wolf . Tinwelint now consented to the union, softened by Beren's courage and mutilation. But Beren wanted to bring him the Silmaril and so he, Tinwelint and some helpers set out and looked for Karkaras.

In this fight the big wolf died and you could cut the Silmaril out of his body, but Beren was mortally wounded and died too. Tinúviel followed his soul in deep sorrow and finally softened Mandos' heart (Lord of the Dead) so that he sent him back into the world. But its condition is that they would both be mortal now, like humans. Now they lived happily for a long time and they were called i-Cuilwarthon 'the dead who live again'.

A second draft of the story and a detailed commentary follow. Another version in the form of an epic poem can be found in Volume 3.

Turambar and the Foalóke

Here follows the continuation of Gilfanon's, here called Ailios (his former name), incomplete narration from volume 1. On the second evening of the Turuhalme ' Firewood collecting ', however, he is not present and so Eltas (probably 'Star Point ') tells the story of Turin and the Foalóke 'treasure dragon' or 'hoard dragon'.

For more detailed information on the stories see also Narn I Chîn Húrin .

Elta's story

With notes and detailed commentary

various

• Beren
• The Battle of Tasarinan ('Weidental')
• The geography in the history of Turambar
• The influence of the Valar
• Túrin's age
• Winged kites

The fall of Gondolin

When Eltas has finished his story, many of the audience want to know more about the gold Glorunds ' gold worm ' (Glaurung, the dragon from the previous story) and especially about the Nauglafring, but Eltas says it is too early for that because they should first hear about Tuor and Earendel and about the hidden city of Gondolin. So Lindo asked Ilfiniol 'Winzigherz' to tell the keeper of the gong about it.

Tuor was a person who, after the death of his parents, grew up with the Elves of Mithrim , 'the misty ones '. When he grew up to be a man, one day he entered a cave through which an outflow from Lake Mithrim flowed. The power of the water pulled him with it and he came through the gorge Cris Ilranteloth 'Gap of the Rainbow Roof ', following a flock of swans, to the far west of the mouth of this river into the great sea. Tuor now turned south and finally met Vala Ulmo, who played one of his magic melodies that touched the young man so deeply that it aroused a longing for the sea in him. Ulmo spoke to him and gave him an important task; he should go to Gondolin and warn King Turgon of impending doom. He also prophesied that he would father a son there who would be more drawn to the sea than any other human being.

Tuor went to Gondolin with the help of some elves. One of these elves was Voronwe / Bronweg 'the faithful', the father of Ilfiniol, the narrator of this story. He was admitted to Gondolin even though he was not one of the Elves. Ulmo had long ago announced a savior in need to Turgon the king, and he now remembered those words. Since he had already taken in Huor and Húrin (father and uncle of Tuor) into his house, he also welcomed Tuor. He soon fell in love with Idril Celebrindal , 'the lovely one with the silver foot', the pretty daughter of Turgon. Thus Ulmo's prophecy was fulfilled and she gave birth to her son Earendel.

The fate of Gondolins, however, was under a bad star, because Maeglin, who is also in love with Idril, betrayed the location of the Hidden City. So dragons and balrogs came to Gondolin and devastated the last great bastion of the Elves against their mighty, dark enemy Melkor. Turgon died in his beloved city, as did Maeglin and many of the bravest of the twelve elven families of Gondolins. Few survived the attack because they were able to escape through a secret tunnel. Among them were Tuor, Idril and their young son Earendel.

Notes and extensive commentary.

various

• Geographical aspects in the fall of Gondolin
• Ulmo and the other Valar
• Orcs
• Noldorin in the land of the willow trees
• The height of elves and humans
• Isfin and Eol

There are several versions of this legend:

• The earliest designs in this volume
• The poem form in Volume 3 - The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin
• News from Middle-earth - Of Tuor and his arrival in Gondolin
• The Silmarillion - Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin
• About Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin - as a single book edition

The Nauglafring

The Nauglafring 'collar of the dwarfs' (in the later version Nauglamir) was made a long time ago from gold and precious stones, which Glorund, the dragon, counted among his treasures. The dwarf Mîm had put a curse on this treasure and so he brought much harm to those who took part of it. Úrin (later Húrin), the father of Túrin, brought the gold to Tinwelint, threw it at his feet and returned to his homeland, Hisilóme ' dark mist ', also known as Dor Lómin 'home of the shadow'. But his comrades-in-arms demanded a large share of the treasure. However, Tinwelint said that only Úrin could have made a claim since his son Túrin had killed the dragon. But Úrin had gone and they too should now leave his hall, but each of them should take as much gold with him as he could carry. But the men helped each other several times and this angered the wood elves, so that a fight ensued and Mîms' curse had its effect.

Many died that day and Gwenniel / Gwendelin (later Melian, the king's wife) warned her husband not to touch the gold, because it was more than a curse. But on the advice of an elf, he had some of the gold brought to the dwarves of Nogrond so that they could use their skills to make wonderful things from it. They bring Tinwelint the most exquisite pieces back into his halls and wanted to make him a very special piece of jewelry, a necklace set with precious stones and the Silmaril that Beren had brought to the king. Tinwelint did not allow the dwarves to return to their homes from its halls and requested that they make it on the spot. When the collar was finished the king put it on and Mîms curse fell on him. When he asked the dwarves for their demands in return for their work, they demanded more than he was willing to give. Instead he fed them off with a starvation wage. This eventually led to the long-running feud between dwarves and elves.

One day when Tinwelint was hunting, the dwarves who had allied themselves with orcs raided the Tinwelint hall where the queen had stayed. Many elves were slain. Finally, the dwarf Naugladur brought the severed head of Tinwelint into the hall and he himself wore the Nauglafring around his neck. They also tried to grab Gwendelin, but she escaped into the woods. Huan, the big dog who had accompanied Tinwelint on his hunt, saw how he and many elves died and hurried to Beren and Tinúviel to bring them the bad news.

Beren gathered many elves around him and they provided Naugladur. Beren fought the dwarf and eventually killed him with his own sword. He took the collar with him and by chance they met Gwendelin soon after, who was shocked that Tinúviel was wearing this jewelry, so she took it off, but Mîms curse could not harm her. So Dior, the son of Berens and Tinúviel, finally inherited the Nauglafring and his daughter Elwing got it from him. The sons of Feanor, the creator of the Silmaril, learned that Elwing owned one of these gemstones and asked Dior to return it. But Dior refused because he didn't like the Nauglafring being destroyed. So it came to the first war between two Elven races in Middle-earth. There Dior and his son died, but also some of the sons of Feanor. Elwing escaped, carrying the dwarven collar with him.

The story of Earendel

This narrative exists only as a concept or in several short drafts:

• The events related to Earendel's story.

Four poems

in which earendel occurs:

• Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhast (Old English) 'The Last Voyage of Earendel'
• The request to the singer
• The fairy coast, old English Ielfalandes beach 'The beaches of Elbenland'
• The lucky sailors (in two versions)

The story of Eriol or Ælfwine

See also : Ælfwine from England

“And the end of the story.” Here, too, there are several drafts, but no continuous narrative.

A poem follows, the original title of which was Des Wanderer's Loyalty . This was later divided into three parts:

• Later title: The city of dreams and the city of present suffering
• foreplay
• The city in the country → The city of dreams
• The sorrowful city → The city of present suffering

And a second poem called Eriol's Song .

Ælfwine from England

This tale is about a country called England, which fell apart in the war of the gods, so that Ireland was separated from it. The Elves call this land Lúthien 'the magical' and the dwindling hosts of the holy fairies (Elves) still dwell in it. In the middle of the country lies the city of Kortirion ('Tower of Kor' or 'View of Kor') or Mindon Gwar in the language of the Gnomes (Noldor Elves). The Englishman Déor lives in Mindon Gwar, comes from the south of the country and is a well-traveled singer and friend of the Elves. He marries a western maiden from Lionesse. Gwar is attacked by the northern people who devastate almost all of Lúthien. There his wife Éadgifu dies of starvation at that time. And Déor falls from the castle wall while singing a song to encourage the fighters. The son of these two is Ælfwine, a boy at the time. Ælfwine is enslaved until he becomes a man. He finally escapes and flees towards the southwest. Fewer and fewer elves remain in this land, they board ships and sail far to the west.

Ælfwine lived a long time as a fisherman on the coast and learned a lot about seafaring. So he begins his travels across the sea until he finally reaches the Magic Islands, where he meets the Old Man from the Sea, who gives him a ship. With this, Ælfwine manages to sail even further west, so that he finally reaches the lonely island.

attachment

This is also followed by a section with explanations of the names (mostly from the Sindarin dictionary), their roots and their meaning, as well as a register of the Elvish terms and proper names mentioned in the book. Volume 2 ends here.

Volume 3

The Lays of Beleriand (roughly: "The Ballads of Beleriand") is the third volume in the series. The book contains the two most important poems by JRR Tolkien linked to the legends of the old days. The first tells the story of the children of Húrin , the second is the story of Beren and Lúthien . The Lays of Beleriand also contains a few other shorter poems by Tolkien. All texts are annotated by Christopher Tolkien. A German translation of the book does not yet exist.

The Lay of the Children of Húrin

Tolkien tells the story of Túrin and Nienor in poetry. Between 1920 and 1925 he wrote two unfinished versions of more than 2000 and 800 lines respectively. The poems are written in alliterative verse ( alliteration ), the Old English meter. There are no end rhymes here, instead several stressed syllables begin with the same sound in each line.

Example:

Th alion Eri th ámrod | and his th anes like gods. (Row 16 of the lay)

Sections of the poem

Version 1:

• Turin son of Hurin & Glorund the Dragon (" Túrin son of Húrins & Glorund the Dragon")
• Turin's fostering ("Túrin's recording")
• receipt
• Failivrin (Feenglanz, a name for Finduilas, daughter of Orodreth, who ruled Nargothrond at the time)

Version 2:

• Hurin and Morgoth ("Húrin and Morgoth")
• Turin's fostering

The sections follow

• References to the story of Beren and Luthien ("References to the story of Beren and Lúthien")
• The Dragon-helm and Hurin's ancestors ("The Dragon Helmet and Hurin's Ancestors")
• Miscellaneous Matters
• Verses associated with The Children of Hurin ("Verses associated with the children of Hurin")

and two short poems:

• The high summer ("midsummer")
• Winter comes to Nargothrond ("Winter comes to Nargothrond")

Poems early abandoned

("Versions of poems abandoned early on")

Here are three fragments of poetry from the same period as The Lay of the Children of Húrin : The Flight of the Noldoli from Valinor and the Lay of Earendel (Ballad of Earendel), both written in alliterative Verses, as well as excerpts from The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin , written in pair rhymes .

The Lay of Leithian

This ballad is an unfinished poem in pair rhymes, in which the story of Beren and Lúthien is told. Full title of the poem: The gest of Beren son of Barahir and Lúthien the Fay called Tinúviel the nightingale or the Lay of Leithian Release from Bondage ("The story of Beren the son of Barahir and Lúthien the fairy, called Tinúviel the nightingale, or the legend von Leithian; Liberation from bondage ”).

Here it is divided into fourteen so-called Cantos , which Tolkien wrote between 1925 and 1931. The individual Cantos, with a total of more than 4000 verses, are each provided with a comment. These include excerpts from a detailed review of the ballad by CS Lewis , who read the poem in 1929.

See also : Lay of Leithian

The Lay of Leithian recommenced

After completing the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien resumed work on the Lay of Leithian , changing some passages so much that in fact a new poem was created. This version also remained unfinished.

The Lay of Leithian:

• Of Thingol in Doriath ("Von Thingol in Doriath")
• Of Lúthien the beloved ("Of Lúthien the beloved")
• Of Dairon minstrel of Thingol ("Von Dairon the minstrel Thingols")
• Of Morgoth & the snaring of Gorlim ("Of Morgoth & the trap of Gorlim")
• Of the saving of King Inglor Felagund by the XII Beornings ("From the rescue of King Inglor Felagunds by the twelve Beornings")
• Of Tarn Aeluin the blessed ("From the blessed mountain lake Aeluin", 'Blausee')
• Of Grolim Unhappy ("Vom Unhappy Gorlim")
• Of Beren son of Barahir & his escape ("Von Beren, Barahir's son & his escape")
• Of the coming of Beren to Doriath; but first is told of the meeting of Melian and Thingol ("From the coming of Berens to Doriath; but first of the meeting of Melians and Thingols")

Intermediate commentary and continuation regarding the different Cantos.

• Glossary of obsolete, archaic, and rare words and mesnings ("Glossary of obsolete, archaic and rare words and meanings")

Appendix ("Appendix")

• CS Lewis's Commentary on the Lay of Leithian (" CS Lewis Commentary on the Lay of Leithian ").

Volume 4

The Shaping of Middle-earth is a compilation of the early manuscripts and drafts for the later stories. The lyrics are from a time after the Hobbit was finished. They essentially include the areas The Quenta ("The Story"), The Ambarkanta ("Design of Ambar", "the habitable world" or "the fate") and The Annals ("The Annals ").

Preface ("Foreword").

Prose fragments following the 1st Lost Tales

("Fragments of prose that follow the first missing stories.")

Part of the story that began in the first volume of Gilfanon is continued here, because it takes place after Valinor has been veiled. This story is told by Ilfiniol. The Noldor had left Valinor and humans awoke in Middle-earth. Ulmo tried with all his might to support the exiled Elves and the humans against Melkor. He tells of the painful life in Hisilóme ('fog land') and of Turgon (later Tuor), the son of Peleg ('ax man'), to the point where he leaves the dark cave (see section The Fall of Gondolin, Volume 2) . Comments on the text follow, especially due to the different names.

Then the arrival of the Noldor in Middle-earth is told. And about how Feanor and his people met strange elves who were led by Gelmir and spoke a different, much harsher language than they themselves. The fragment ends abruptly. Comments follow, another short episode that tells of the burning of the ships, with a further explanation.

The earliest 'Silmarillion'

"The earliest Silmarillion " gives an insight into mythology and begins with Melkor's rebellion against the supremacy of Manwe after the Valar entered Arda. It tells of the awakening of the Elves, their great march to Valinor, the capture of Melkor and Thingol and Melian and the establishment of their empire in Doriath, but also of the creation of the Silmaril by Feanor and the Teleri, of Ulmo the shipbuilding and seafaring learn. The captivity of Melkor, which lasted for seven ages, as well as the destruction of the Two Trees and the theft of the Silmaril are mentioned here. Then follows the attack of the Noldor on the Schwanenhafen with their subsequent banishment from Valinor.

The vain attempt of the Valar to save the trees, the creation of the sun and moon, the awakening of humans and the beginning of the great wars against Melkor are reported here. It contains the stories of Húrin, Morwen (his wife) and their children, of Beren and Lúthien and the fall of Gondolins to the story of Earendel, who is now a star in the sky. It ends with a reference to Eriol, who is told all these legends on Tol Eressea before he returns to his homeland, Luthien.

A detailed comment with further text excerpts follows.

The Quenta

“The narrative” contains the Quenta Noldorinwa (in Quenya: 'the story of the Noldor') with the original title (in the language of the Noldor) Pennas-na-Ngoelaidh . It starts with the words:

"This is the brief History of the Noldoli or Gnomes, drawn from the Book of Lost Tales which Eriol of Leithien wrote, having read the Golden Book, which the Eldar call Parma Kuluina, in Kortirion in Tol Eressea, the Lonely Isle."

“This is the short story of the Noldor or Gnomes, taken from the Book of Lost Tales written by Eriol of Leithien, who had read the Golden Book, which the Eldar Parma Kuluina call, in Kortirion on Tol Eressea, the Lonely Island. "

Here, accompanied by detailed commentaries, the story of the creation of the world and the story about the Noldor and their fate in Middle-earth is reproduced as Eriol wrote them down.

• Appendix 1: Fragment of a translation of the Quenta Noldorinwa into Old English, made by AElfwine or Eriol; together with Old English equivalents of Elvish names. ("Ælfwine's translation of the Quenta into Old English; and Old English equivalents for the Elvish names")
• Appendix 2: The Horns of Ylmir ("The Horns of Ylmir", another name for the Vala 'Ulmo'.)

The first Silmarillion map

("The first card of the Silmarillion").

What follows is a detailed description of the geography of Middle-earth at the time of these stories, as well as the locations where certain events took place.

The Ambarkanta

“Die Weltform” is the title of the next section. Exactly it is called Ambarkanta (in the original manuscript written in Tengwar characters ) The Shape of the World. Rumil. This suggests that Rumil wrote this work, even if it is not mentioned further.

• Of the fashion of the world ("About the nature and structure of the world")

This describes how one should imagine the properties of this world. It is surrounded by the ilurambar (' walls of heaven'), the boundaries of the world, which consist of a transparent, glassy, ​​icy and impenetrable substance. Within these walls, the world is spherical, above and below the land surface, and surrounding them is Vaiya ('envelope'), the vast ocean. This is more like a look inside the earth or through air, and Ulmo lives in the deepest ocean. (Vaiya passes into the air layers.)

About the land is Vista (which Windy '), the air layer in which the birds and clouds flying, which is why they above its junction Fanyamar (clouds Home') and below Aiwenóre 's (Bird Land '). However, this layer is only located above Middle-earth and not in Valinor, there is the Ilmen air layer ('Himmelsweg' or 'Star Road'), which is otherwise to be found above Vista. But in the south and north Vaiya, Vista and Ilmen meet and mix there. Ulmo makes the waters from Vaiya flow in the lakes and rivers on Ambar (the habitable world). Outside these layers is Kuma, also called Avakuma, the absolute dark void.

Some explanations and a detailed comment follow.

The earliest Annals of Valinor

"The earliest annals of Valinor", like the annals of Beleriand, were written down by Pengolod 'linguist' the sage of Gondolin before it was destroyed. Later he continued his work on it in the port of Sirion and in Tavrobel on Tol Eressea. There she read and translated Eriol from Leithien, who is also known as Ælfwine from Angelcynn (England). There were initially nine Valar , Manwe, Ulmo, Aule, Orome, Tulkas, Osse, Mandos, Lorien, and Melko (here without -r). But Melko's name was removed from the list after he turned against the others and to evil, whereupon he was called Morgoth ('Black Enemy'). The female sisters were Varda and Yavanna, Vana, Nessa, Uinen, Nienna and Este. With them came many lesser spirits, their children or relatives.

• A calendar listing of the events in Valinor and Middle-earth, given in Valar years (A Valar year corresponds to ten solar years as we know them)
• Appendix: Old English versions of the Annals of Valinor, made by Ælfwine or Eriol ("Old English version of the Annals of Valinor, made by Ælfwine or Eriol"), three versions
• Old English Names in version I ("Old English names in version one").
• Notes to version II and III ("Notes to version two and three")

Then follows a draft of The Annals of Valinor and the foundations of the world ("The Annals of Valinor and the creation of the world").

The earliest Annals of Beleriand

"The Earliest Annals of Beleriand" begins with the escape of Morgoth after he stole the Silmaril. He creates the Balrogs and the Orcs and the Noldor's first war against him breaks out. This is called the battle under the stars because the sun and moon were not yet created. What follows is a calendar listing of the events in Beleriand, beginning with year 1, the year the sun appeared. Here you can find the most important stories of Beleriand, which were already described in Volume 1, and a translation of the annals that Ælfwine made and explanatory notes.

• Appendix: Old English versions of the Annals of Beleriand, made by Ælfwine or Eriol ("Old English version of the Annals of Beleriand, made by Ælfwine or Eriol") with annotations.

Volume 5

→ Main article : The Lost Road and Other Writings

The Lost Road and Other Writings: Language and Legend before The Lord of the Rings ("The Lost Road and Other Records: Language and Legend Before The Lord of the Rings") is the fifth volume in the series. It is divided into three areas: the first contains early drafts of the narrative of the fall of Númenor and a kind of modern time travel, the Lost Road ("Lost Road"); the second deals with the further development of the Annals and the early Silmarillion compared to Volume 4; the third part consists of the Etymologies , a lexicon about the origin of words and the development of the Elven languages .

• Preface - detailed explanation of the content of this volume, which contains an overview of the state of development and the progress of the narrative up to the beginning of 1938.

Part I (part 1)

The Fall of Númenor and the Lost Road begins with

• The early History of the Legend ("The Genesis of the Legend")

Tolkien noted that one day CS Lewis said to him, "Since there is so little of what we love in stories, we should write them ourselves." Then Lewis wrote about a space-travel , Out of the Silent Planet , a space adventure. Tolkien chose the theme of time travel , The Lost Road , a time travel story that he never completed.

• The Fall of Númenor, the original draft. Here the story of the creation and the sinking of the island of Númenor is told.
• The first version of The Fall of Numenor. (“The first version of the Fall of Númenor”), followed by a comment.
• The second version of The Fall of Numenor. ("The Second Version of the Fall of Númenor"), entitled The last Tale: The Fall of Númenor ("The Last Tale: The Fall of Númenor"), also with commentary.
• The further development of The Fall of Numenor. ("The Evolution of the Fall of Númenor").

See also : The Second Age  and Númenor

The Lost Road

• The opening chapters (" The opening chapters ")
  • Chapter I - A Step Forward. Young Alboin. ("One step forward. The young Alboin"). This is about the invention of the Elven language and the associated narrative by Alboin, who often has strange, very foreign-language dreams.
  • Chapter II - Alboin and Audoin. This is followed by the rather pictorial but toneless dreams of Audoin, who would like to talk to Alboin, his father, about them. Time travel is already hinted at, because Elendil von Númenor appears to Alboin in a dream and invites him to travel into the past.
  • Commentary on Chapters I and II (“Comments”) and The Lombardic legend , (“The Lombardy Legend”), which is mentioned here in the text.

This is about Oswin, Alboin and Audoin. Each is a father-son story that takes place in modern times (about 1890 is Alboin's year of birth, 1918 that of his son Audoin), but it is also a story that has many parallels to JRR Tolkien's own life.

"Alboin's biography sketched in these chapters is in many respects closely modeled on my father's own life"

"Alboin's biography, which is shown in these chapters, is in many ways based on my father's own life."

- Christopher Tolkien : The Lost Road and Other Writings

Furthermore, it is also about showing how the names Alboin and Audoin changed over time and what their original meaning is, namely friend of the elves and friend of gods . Variations of the names are, for example, Ælfwine, Ælfuine or Elwin for Alboin and Eadwine, Edwin for Oswin or Audion. They are derived in The Lost Road from the early names Amandil ('Amanfreund'), Elendil ('Elbenfreund') and Herendil (" godly friend"). And just as history seems to repeat itself over and over again, these names also reappear there in a modified form, so that they can ultimately be found in today's times as Alvin, Edwin or Oswin.

• The Numenorean chapters ("The Numenorean Chapters")
  • Chapter III , A Step Backward . Another father-son dialogue follows, here about the impending move out against Valinor and the question of the loyalty of the Elendil house to the Elves and the Valar. Here the Elf Fíriël, who lives in Elendil's house, sings the song, which is also known as Fíriël's song. It is inserted there in the Elven language Quenya.
  • Chapter IV , (“The Decision”) continues the debate. In the end, Herendil, who is actually more in favor of the trip to Valinor, decides to stay with his father.
  • Notes on the Numenorean chapters of The Lost Road ("Noteworthy notes on the Numenorean chapters of the Lost Road")
• The unwritten chapters ("The unwritten chapters"). The chapters should read as follows:
  • Chapter III, A Step Backward: Ælfwine and Eadzvine (the Old English name for the names), and a reference to the story of King Sheave .
  • Chapter IV, the Irish legend of Tuatha-de-Danaan - and oldest man in the world ("The Irish legend of Tuatha-de-Danaan - and the oldest man in the world")
  • Chapter V, Prehistoric North: old kings found buried in the ice ("The prehistoric north : old kings found buried in the ice ")
  • Chapter VI, Beleriand
  • Chapter VII, Elendil and Herendil in Numenor

This is followed by detailed explanations and the story of King Sheave, who was washed up as a small child in a boat made of reeds on the coast of an island and was rescued there by the residents. He had with him sheaves of gold of unknown grain, a silver harp, and a kettle of pure water, and he wore precious robes. They did not understand his language, but his grace and wonderful singing made them make him their king. He brought them peace and prosperity as he taught them how to grow crops and how to store them . At the end of his life they put him back in a ship and furnished it with more splendid gifts than had ever been given to a king, and left him and the treasures of the sea. No one has ever known where this voyage ended, but the shiny gold ship drove off to the west by itself.

Ælfwine and Eadwine are mentioned here again (Ælfwine and Eadwine lived in North Somerset in the time of Edward the Elder , it is said here). Their debate is once again about whether it is possible to reach Paradise by ship, which Eadwine intends to do, for Saint Brendan had already tried this and others, but they had returned. Ælfwine, however, says: “You can't reach paradise by ship - there are deeper waters between us than Garsecg. The paths are twisted and crooked: and in the end you will return. You can't escape with a ship. ”But then he falls asleep and has a very intense dream, like a distant memory of towering wave peaks, straight roads and water-washed islands.

When he woke up, he sings a way about the longing for the sea and later the ballad of King Sheave and as the song of Ælfwine called song The nameless country . It is reported that Ælfwine spoke the following words before starting his final journey:

“Fela bid on Westwegum werum uncudra
Wundra and wihta, wlitescyne lond,
Eardgeard Ylfa and Esa bliss.
Lyt aenig wat hwylc his longad sy
Đam đe eftsides yldu getwaefed. "

“There were many things on the western ways, unexplored
wonders and beings, fertile land,
richly blessed elves and the favor of the gods. Whoever is separated from the hereafter by aging has
little idea what his longing might be
. "

- JRR Tolkien : The Lost Road and Other Writings

Part II (Part 2)

Valinor and Middle-earth before the Lord of the Rings (" Valinor and Middle-earth before the Lord of the Rings").

• The Texts and their relations , a detailed explanation.
• The later Annals of Valinor . Again in chronological order like the annals in Volume 4, but divided into Rumil's and Pengolod's notes, followed by explanatory notes and detailed comments. The version that served as a template for the Silmarillion.

The later Annals of Beleriand is the revised version of the annals in Volume 4 as used in the Silmarillion. Again with notes and comments.

Ainulindale ("The Song of the Ainur"), here in the version as Rumil is said to have written it down.

• Ainulindale. The Music of the Ainur. This was written by Rumil of Tun.
  • The Music of the Ainur and the Coming of the Valar , notes and commentaries.

The Lhammas ("The Languages"), this treatise is available in three versions

• The Lammas. Or 'Account of Tongues' that Pengolod of Gondolin wrote afterward in Tol-eressea, using in part the work of Rumil the sage of Kor ( Die Sprachen. Or the 'Access to the dialects', which Pengolod from Gondolin later wrote on Tol Eressea who partially used the work of Rumil, the sage from Kôr )
• The 'Lhammas'. This is the 'Account of Tongues' which Pengolod of Gondolin wrote in later days in Tol-eressea, using the work of Rumil the sage of Tun. This account Ælfwine saw when he came into the West (differences in title → ... Rumil from Tun. Aufzeichnunglfwine saw this recording when he came to the west)
  • Of the Valian Tongue and its Descendants ("Of the dialects of the Valar and their successors")
  • The Tree of Tongues (earlier form) and (later form) ("The earlier and later form of the family tree of languages")
  • Of the tongues of the Elves in Valinor ("From the tongues of the Elves in Valinor")
  • Of the tongues of the Elves in Middle-earth, and of the Noldorin that returned thither ("From the tongues of the Elves in Middle-earth and from the Noldor who returned here"). The language of the orcs, dwarves and humans is also mentioned here
  • Commentary on the Lhammas ("Comments on the Languages")
• Silmarillion (Here the Lhammas as part of the Silmarillion)
  • The shorter account of Pengolod: or Lammasethen. Of the Elvish Tongues ("The shorter treatise Pengolod: Or Lammasethen. From the Elvish tongues")

Quenta Silmarillion ("The Tale of the Silmaril"), here follows the story that tells of the creation of the Silmaril, its theft by Melkor and the events in Middle-earth caused by it.

• The Quenta Silmarillion. In is Qenta Noldorinwa or Pennas in Geleidh or History of the Gnomes ("The story of the Silmaril. It contains the story of the Noldor or the story of the gnomes")
• The Silmarillion
  • Qenta Silmarillion, or Pennas Hilevril ('Children of the Elves') to which is appended
    • The houses of the princes of Men and Elves ("The houses of the princes of the elves and men")
    • The tale of years ("The tale of the years")
    • The tale of battles ("The reports of the battles")
  • The Annals of Valinor Nyarna Valinoren ("The Nyarna Valarianden, Annals of Valinor")
  • The Annals of Beleriand Nyarna Valarianden ("The Nyarna Valarianden, Annals of Beleriand")
  • The Lhammas or Account of Tongues ("The languages ​​or access to the dialects")

Each with notes or comments

See also : The Silmarillion

Part III (Part 3)

The Etymologies , here is an introduction and then an alphabetical listing of the root trunks (for example AIWE 'little bird') with word examples from the languages ​​of the Elves, especially Quenya and Noldorin, but also Ilkorin or Telerin and others.

See also : The Tolkien languages

Appendix

• The Genealogies ("Family Relations")
• List of Names ("The List of Names")
• The second Silmarillion Map ("The second map of the Silmarillion") as a description

Volume 6

The Return of the Shadow: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part One deals with the first part of the story of the Lord of the Rings . It contains the first chapters of the novel. It begins with the first manuscript that Tolkien sent his publisher and uses the different versions of individual chapters to explain the development from The New Hobbit, initially planned as a children's book , to the beginning of the great fantasy epic about Middle-earth, as we know it today.

• Foreword ("foreword")

The first phase (the early phase)

• A long-expected party in four versions with annotations. Special differences are
  • Version I: Bilbo gives the party at the age of 70. I am going to tell you a story about one of his descendants ("I will tell you the story of one of his descendants")
  • Version II: Bilbo gives the party at the age of 71.
  • Version III: Bilbo married and disappeared from Hobbiton (Hobbiton) with his wife (Primula Brandybuck). His son Bingo Baggins hosts the party at the age of 72.
  • Version IV: Bilbo, unmarried, adopted his young cousin Bingo Bolger (son of Primula Brandybuck), who changed his name to Bingo Bolger-Baggins, and disappeared from Hobbiton. Bingo Bolger-Baggins is the party at the age of 72.
  • The Tale that is Brewing ("The story is brewing"). Here Bilbo and his three nephews Odo, Drogo, and Frodo set off for Rivendell (Imladris / Rivendell) and experience several adventures on the way there.
• From Hobbiton to the Woody End ("From Hobbiton to Woody End "). The wandering song The Road goes ever on and on also appears here and the three wanderers (Bingo, Odo and Frodo) meet Gandalf. There are also several manuscripts here, but they are combined and explained in one version.
  • Three's Company and Four's More ("Three are one company and four are more"). This also includes Bilbo's song ( A bed-song or a supper-song , a bed or dinner song ), from whose third verse the text of Pippin's song was derived (in the film The Lord of the Rings, Home is behind, the world ahead ). And the elven song Elbereth Gilthoniel about the star queen Varda, which the elves sing when they meet her there.
• Of Gollum and the Ring continues the narrative and is supplemented by extensive annotations.
• To Maggot's Farm and Buckland contains a small poem that begins with the line Ho! ho! ho! To my bottle I go begins and the hobbit bathing song. Notes and detailed descriptions of the Shire maps follow.
• The Old Forest and the Withywindle (" The Old Forest and the Willow Winds "). In the notes there is a little poem about Tom Bombadil.
• Tom Bombadil . Here the meeting of the hobbits with Tom Bombadil is reported and the following statement is made about him:

“Tom Bombadil is an 'aborigine' - he knew the land before men, before hobbits, before barrow-wights, yes before the necromancer - before the elves came to this quarter of the world. Goldberry says he is 'master of water, wood and hill'. Does all this land belong to him? No! The land and the things belong to themselves. He is not the possessor but the master, because he belongs to himself. "

“Tom Bombadil is a 'native' - he knew the land before the people, hobbits, grave monsters, even before the necromancer [Sauron] - before the elves came to this corner of the world. Goldberry says he is 'the master of water, forest and hills'. Does all this land belong to him? No! The land and things belong to themselves. He is not their owner but the master because he belongs to himself. "

Here again comments follow.

• The Barrow-wight is more of a brief listing of events than a coherent story with explanations.
• The arrival at Bree begins with a description of the town of Bree and its inhabitants. This is followed by a list of the original titles and the headings in this volume.
  • Arrival at Bree, and Bingo's song (" Arrival at Bree and Bingo's song ")
  • Conversation with Trotter and Butterbur ("conversation between strings and buttercup")
  • Attack on the inn ("attack on the inn")
  • Journey to Weathertop ("Journey to the weather tip")
• Attack on Weathertop (" Attack on the Weathertop ")
  • Weathertop to Rivendell ("From the Wetterspitze to Rivendal")
• And in this volume:
  • At the Sign of The Prancing Pony (" At the Sign of the Prancing Pony ")
  • Strider ("strings")
  • A Knife in the Dark ("A knife in the dark")
  • Flight to the Ford (" Flight to the Ford ")

This is followed by the narrative with attachments in which the troll song is played. Furthermore, reference is made to the Songs for the Philologists ("Philologenlieder"), in which some poems, such as the Troll song, are printed. Here also is The Cat and the Fiddle ( "The cat with Fidel") printed.

• Trotter and the journey to Weathertop ("Streicher und die Reise zum Wetterspitze") reports on the events in Bree up to the arrival at the Wetterspitze. Partly as a chronological record with date.
• The Attack on Weathertop ("The attack on the weather tip") the continuation of the story with the poem about Beren and Tinúviel, which Streicher recites, and subsequent explanations.
• From Weathertop to the Ford (“From the weather tip to the ford”) tells what happens up to the Bruinenfurt. Followed by comments on the Rivendell River and the Entland mentioned in the text.
• At Rivendell ("In Rivendell") with explanations, but without reference to the Elrond council.
• Queries and Alterations ("Inconsistencies and Changes"), an overview of uncertainties and possible changes by Tolkien.

The second phase

Here the narrative is taken up again in a revised form, i.e. again at the beginning of the long-awaited festival. This time it is Bilbo who is giving the party and for the first time it is his one hundred and fiftieth birthday that is being celebrated.

• Return to Hobbiton (" Return to Hobbiton "). Except for these essential changes, the story follows the sequence from the third version at the beginning of this volume. This is followed by notes and two family trees on the ancestry of Bingo (formerly Bolger-Baggins), which now descends directly from the Baggins or from the line of the Brandybucks.
• Ancient History , this is where the story begins again at the point where Bilbo left Hobbiton and left Bingo as his heir. He has the desire to follow his uncle someday and leave the Shire . As his fiftieth birthday approaches, Gandalf visits him and tells him about the ring that Bilbo left him. The ring poem is also included here . In the explanations is another family tree, this time the ancestry of Meriadoc Brandybuck and Frodo Took (later Peregrin Tuk) and a second version of the ring poem in which the information on the number of rings of the elves (here nine) and humans (three) interchanged are.
• Delays are Dangerous , it continues at the point where Bingo is celebrating his fiftieth birthday, for which he is expecting Gandalf, but who does not appear. It ends at the point where the hobbits meet the elves and their leader Gildor, who says goodbye: "May the stars shine on the end of your path."
• A Short Cut to Mushrooms (“A detour to the mushrooms”). This is the story where the hobbits see one of the Black Riders and meet the farmer Maggot and leave him again.
• Again from Buckland to the Withywindle (" Again from Buckland to the willow wind ")
  • A Conspiracy is Unmasked ("A conspiracy is exposed")
  • The Old Forest ("The Old Forest")
  • Tom Bombadil with notes

The third phase

The journey to Bree has an explanatory introduction. Here the name Frodo was changed from bingo, then follows:

• Foreword - Concerning Hobbits ("About Hobbits") the prologue to the Lord of the Rings
• Chapter I: A Long-expected Party
  • Genealogy of the Tooks ("Lineage of the Tuks")
• Chapter II: Ancient History
• Chapter III: Delays are Dangerous
• Chapter IV: A Short Cut to Mushrooms
• Chapter V: A Conspiracy Unmasked
• Chapter VI: The Old Forest
• Chapter VII: In the House of Tom Bombadil ("In the House of Tom Bombadil")
• Chapter VIII: Fog on the Barrow-downs (" Fog on the Barrow Heights")
• At the Sign of The Prancing Pony (" At the sign of the Prancing Pony ")
• To Weathertop and Rivendell ("To the weather tip and to Rivendell") is structured chronologically with dates
• New uncertainties and new projections ("New uncertainties and new foresight"). Some new designs after England entered the war against Germany.
  • New version - with Bilbo as hero. Aug. 1939 ("New version - with Bilbo as hero. August 1939")
  • Conversation of Bilbo and Frodo ("The conversation between Bilbo and Frodo"), which they had when Bilbo left Hobbiton, in several versions.
• Explanations and Notes

The story continued

• In the house of Elrond tells of the events in Elrond's house with detailed notes
• The Ring goes South ("The Ring goes south"). Here the community of the ring still consists of seven people; Gandalf, Boromir and five hobbits, or four hobbits and trotter, who was later changed to strings (aragorn).
  • Note on the geography and the contemporary map ("Note on the geography and the contemporary map")
• The Mines of Moria ("The Mines of Moria"). This story should be more different from the Hobbit's adventure on the Lonely Mountain, so the path leads through the mines of Moria. The story ends here at Balin's grave.

Volume 7

The Treason of Isengard: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part Two ("Isengard's betrayal: The story of the Lord of the Rings, Part 2") continues the narrative, but begins first with the events that led to Gandalf did not appear to meet Frodo in Hobbiton. It deals with the genesis of the second book of the Lord of the Rings and ends in Rohan. Different versions of Elrond's advice and initial attempts to create a map for the Lord of the Rings plot are two interesting areas of the book.

• Foreword ("foreword")
• Gandalf's delay ("Gandalf's delay"). First of all, there are significant differences to the later version of The Lord of the Rings. So it is not Gandalf who advises Frodo to leave Hobbiton, but Frodo's own decision when he had not heard from Gandalf for over a year. He had heard of the appearance of the Black Riders (later called Nazgûl ) and was on his way to Frodo. He misses it and meets Trotter. Here Tolkien asked himself who is that anyway? Sometimes he was a hobbit, then an elf from Elrond's household or a person named Aragorn. One of these descriptions is:

“He was a hunter and wanderer. He became a friend of Bilbo. He knew Gandalf. He was intrigued by Bilbo's story, and found Gollum. When Gandalf went off on the last perilous quest - really to find out about Black Riders and whether the Dark Lord would attack the Shire - he arranged with Trotter to go towards the Shire and keep a lookout on the road from East. He gives Aragorn a letter to Frodo. Aragorn pretends he is a Ranger and hangs about Bree. "

“He was a hunter and a wanderer. He became a friend of Bilbo. He knew Gandalf. He was fascinated by Bilbo's story and found Gollum. When Gandalf set out on his last dangerous journey - to actually find out something about the Black Riders and how the Dark Lord would try to attack the Shire - he arranged with Strider that he should go there to watch the road to the east. He gives Aragorn a letter for Frodo. Aragorn pretends to be the Guardian and hangs around Bree. "

- JRR Tolkien : The Treason of Isengard

But what stopped Gandalf for so long? Tolkien wasn't sure about this at the time. Therefore, several drafts, some of them chronological, and detailed comments follow.

The fourth phase (The fourth phase)

• From Hobbiton to Bree (" From Hobbiton to Bree")
  • Chapter I: A Long-expected Party ("A long -expected party "; in a completely revised version)
  • Chapter II: Ancient History with the history of Smeagol, Deagol and the ring find
  • Chapter III: Three is Company . Here Pippin appears for the first time as one of the hobbits.
  • Chapter IV: A Short Cut to Mushrooms ("A detour to the mushrooms") in unchanged form (Phase 3)
  • Chapter V: A Conspiracy Unmasked ("A Conspiracy Is Unmasked ")
  • Chapter VI: The Old Forest ("Der Alte Wald") with small name changes
  • Chapter VII: In the House of Tom Bombadil , no significant changes
  • Chapter VIII: Fog on the Barrow-downs (" Fog on the Barrow Heights"). Notes on the chapters
• From Bree to the Ford of Rivendell ("From Bree to the ford of Rivendell")
  • Chapter IX: At the Sign of the Prancing Pony and The Cow Jumped over the Moon (" At the sign of the Prancing Pony and the cow jumped over the moon"). The poem of the cow was mentioned in volume 6 as The Cat and the Fiddle (" The Cat and the Fiddle ").
  • Chapter X: At the Sign of the Prancing Pony. All that is gold does not glitter ("Everything that is gold does not have to shine") is a second version with the poem about strings, as a secret message from Gandalf so that Frodo can recognize Aragorn.
  • Chapter XI: A Knife in the Dark ( "A Knife in the Dark")
  • Chapter XII: Flight to the Ford ("Escape to the Ford") including a troll poem . Notes on the chapters
• Of Hamilcar, Gandalf and Saruman ("Of Hamilcar, Gandalf and Saruman"). Hamilcar (later Fredegar) Bolger is a hobbit who waits for Gandalf in the cricket hole. The capture of Gandalf by Saruman and his liberation by the eagles is also mentioned here. But the events in Bree are also described again. Remarks
• Bilbo's Song at Rivendell ("Bilbo's Song in Rivendell")
  • Chapter XII later XIII: The Council of Elrond ("The Council of Elrond") with the poems Errantry ("aberrations or odyssey") and The Mariner ("the seafarer" in several versions). Remarks
• The Council of Elrond , in three different designs including the prophetic dream about the broken sword of Boromir, which leads him to Imladris (Rivendell).
  • Gandalf's Tale (" Gandalf's Tale "), why Gandalf was stopped. Remarks
• The Council of Elrond version five
  • Gandalf's Tale ("Gandalf's story" with annotations)
  • Special features of Thror and Thrain
• The Ring goes South ("The Ring goes South")
  • Chapter XV: Cut out converse in garden ("Excerpt from the conversation in the garden"). This is about the composition of the group that Frodo should accompany. As hobbits Frodo and Sam, Gandalf the magician, Legolas the elf, Erestor the half-elf, for the humans Aragorn and Boromir and for the dwarves Gimli. But that's only eight, so they are considering at least sending Pippin home and taking Merry with them. After all, it is the nine companions as they also appear in the Lord of the Rings. So Erestor falls away and Merry and Pippin go with them. The story follows up to the Pass des Caradras (Rothornpass). Remarks
• The Mines of Moria 1: The Lord of Moria ("The Mines of Moria: The Lord of Moria") continues the narration when the companions realize that they cannot cross the pass. The oldest drawing of the gate of Moria is also described here. Gimli quotes the poem about Durin (the forefather of the dwarves of Moria). It ends again at Balin's tomb. Remarks
• The Mines of Moria 2: The Bridge , here the story continues after a long interruption and revision.
  • The Mines of Moria . The action begins again at Balin's tomb when the companions read through the weathered fragments of a book that tells of the events in Moria. It ends when Gandalf fell and they left the mines. Remarks
• The Story Foreseen from Moria ("How the story of Moria continues")
  • Sketch of Plot ("content sketch with annotations")
• Lothlórien
  • Lothlórien. It follows the path from Moria to the Lothlórien forests. Here Legolas sings the song about Nimlothel (later Nimrodel). Remarks
• Galadriel
  • The Mirror of Galadriel ("Galadriël's Mirror")
  • Notes with a song by Frodo and Sam about Gandalf and his death in Moria
• Farewell to Lothlórien (“Farewell to Lothlórien”). Overview of the planned further action in several drafts. The poem Namárië in Quenya . Remarks
  • Additional information on the name Elessar (Elbenstein) for Aragorn
• The first map of the Lord of the Rings ("The first map of the Lord of the Rings"). Detailed descriptions of the cards
  • The original element in the First Map ("The original elements in the first map")
  • The 1943 Map (" The 1943 Map ")
  • The redrawn maps in this book (" The redrawn maps in this book ")
  • Maps I and I (A)
  • Map II
  • Maps III (A) and III
  • Maps IV (A) to IV (E)
  • No Man's Land and the Dead Marshes (" No Man's Land and the Dead Marshes "). Remarks
• The Story Foreseen from Lórien ("How the story goes on from Lórien")
  • The Scattering of the Company ("The Disintegration of Society")
  • Mordor (The Way of Frodo, Sam and Gollum)
  • Gorgoroth ('Plane of Terror'), how Frodo gets to the Fire Mountain. A blueprint
  • Sketch for the Gate of Minas Morgul ("Draft for the Gate of Minas Morgul", 'Tower of the Magician'). Remarks
• The Great River traces the events on the journey from Lothlórien to Tol Brandir ('giant head', the rock at the Rauros Falls).
  • Notes and extended explanations about the stay in Lothlórien
• The breaking of the Fellowship , what happened at Amon Hen (“Mountain of the Eye”) up to the consideration of Boromir's death. Remarks
• The departure of Boromir ("Boromir's departure")
  • Sketch-plan of the scene of the Breaking of the Fellowship ("Sketch of the scene of the collapse of the community"). Remarks
• The Riders of Rohan ("The Riders of Rohan"). Overview of the events in Rohan when Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli chase the orcs. Remarks
  • Chronological sequence
• The Uruk-hai ("The Uruk-hai")
  • Brief outline ("brief overview") with notes
• Treebeard (" Treebeard "). Here follow drafts in which, for example, Aragorn alone takes on the pursuit of the orcs and he sends Boromir (not dead here), Legolas and Gimli to Minas Tirith.
  • Notes with the original words in Entish (language of the Ents 'tree-herders') and the song of the Entwives
• Notes on various topics
• The White Rider ("The White Rider"). About the re-encounter with Gandalf. Remarks
• The Story Foreseen from Fangorn (“How the story goes on from the Fangorn forest”). From the Fangorn Forest to the Théodens Hall in Edoras (Rohan). Remarks
• The King of the Golden Hall ("The King of the Golden Hall"). Remarks
• Appendix of Runes ("Appendix to the Runes") Description and explanation of the characters
  • The Elvish Alphabets ("The Alphabets of the Elves")
  • The Alphabet of Dairon ("The Alphabet Dairons")
  • Runes of Moria ("The Runes of Moria")

See also : Writings / Runic writing

Volume 8

The War of the Ring: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part Three ("The War of the Ring: The Story of the Lord of the Rings , Part 3") continues the narrative. It begins with the destruction of Isengard and extends to the conversation with Sauron's mouth at the Morannon ('Black Gate'). The book contains some of Tolkien's original drawings.

• Foreword ("foreword")

The Fall of Saruman

(Part one / Part 1 / "The Saruman's Fall")

• The destruction of Isengard ("The Destruction of Isengard") is a chronological listing of the events that took place after the arrival of Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli in Edoras. Until she left for Isengard with King Théoden
• Helm's Deep ("Helms Klamm") begins with the story of the battle of the Isenfurt and reports on the defense of the Hornburg in Helms Klamm.
• The Road to Isengard ("The Road to Isengard"). From Helms Klamm through the forest that suddenly developed behind Helms Damm to Isengard, with detailed explanations.
• Flotsam and Jetsam ("flotsam and flotsam"), what happens during the destruction and flooding in Isangard and notes
• The Voice of Saruman reports with notes on the conversation between Saruman and Gandalf and the palantir that Grima throws down from the tower
• The Palantir (" The Palantir "). About the Seeing Stone from Orthanc, the alliance of Saruman and Sauron and Pippin's view of the Palantir. Explanations

The Ring goes South

(Part two / Part 2 / "The ring goes south")

• The Taming of Gollum begins with Frodo and Sam wandering through the rugged, rocky Sarn Mountains ('stone peaks') where they meet Gollum and overwhelm him. It ends with Gollum's oath of loyalty to the treasure (ring).
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• The Passage of the (Dead) Marshes tells how Sam becomes aware of Gollum's split personality when he appears to be talking to someone else. It also includes a little song called Gollum's Song .
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• The Black Gate is closed . Therefore Frodo decides to go south, because Gollum has told him that there is still a way to Mordor, Kirith Ungol, the 'Spider Pass'.
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit (" Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit "). Is about the encounter with the Olifanten and the rangers from Gondor.
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Faramir . At first the leader of the men from Gondor is still called Falborn. There are different drafts, but the stories end abruptly when the language comes to Boromir. Therefore, in the third and fourth versions, Faramir appears as Boromir's brother. Remarks
• The forbidden Pool ("The Forbidden Pond") is the short report of Gollum, who fishes at the Secret Pond and his capture, with annotations.
• Journey to the Cross-roads ("The journey to the crossroads")
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Kirith Ungol ('Spider Pass '). It tells what happens in the spider's tunnel.
  • The Choices of Master Samwise . In his fight with the spider, Sam unconsciously calls the star queen Elbereth, who is supposed to stand by him. Here the following is said about the spider:

“Shelob was not as dragons are, no softer spot had she save only in her eyes; not as the lesser breeds of Mirkwood was their dam, and her age-old hide, knobbed and pitted with corruption but ever thickened with layer on layer within, could not be pierced by any blade of Middle-earth, not though elf or dwarf should make it and all runes were written upon it, not though the hand of Beren or of Turin wielded it. "

“Shelob was not like dragons, she had no vulnerable point, only her eyes; their armor was not like that of their smaller brood in the Mirkwood, it was knotty and jagged with rot, but had grown layer by layer and could not be pierced by any blade of Middle-earth, neither if elves or dwarves had made them and provided them with all runes, even if the hand of Beren or Turin had led them. "

- JRR Tolkien : The Ring goes South

Despite everything, Sam manages to chase them away.

Minas Tirith

(Part three / Part 3)

• Addendum to The Treason of Isengard ("Addendum to the betrayal of Isengard")
  • The Story Foreseen from Fangorn (“How the story of Fangornwald continues”). The events from a manuscript that was accidentally overlooked. It contains, for example, Gandalf's ride with Pippin to Minas Tirith.
  • The Muster of Rohan ("The Army Show of Rohan") with a brief explanation about Dunharg (the mountain where the Army Show took place), it resembles an amphitheater .
  • Sketches for Book Five (" Sketches for Book Five ") in several drafts
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events and on the supplementary map
• Minas Tirith
  • Book V with a description of Minas Tirith and Mount Mindolluin ('Blauberg'). Here the story begins with the arrival of Gandalf and Pippin in Minas Tirith and their visit to Denethor, the current steward of the throne.
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Many Roads lead Eastward - The Passing of the Gray Company ( Many roads lead to the East - The Gray Company passes by ). Here Aragorn is told about the path of the dead. Notes and another version follow.
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• The Siege of Gondor ("The Siege of Gondor")
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events compared to the Lord of the Rings
• The Ride of the Rohirrim ("The Ride of the Rohirrim") begins where Théoden Dunharg leaves and contains the listing of the beacons between Minas Tirith and Rohan. The encounter between King Théoden and Ghan-buri-Ghan, the leader of the Drúmen, is also listed here. Detailed explanations follow
• The Story Foreseen from Forannest ("How the story of Forannest continues"). Forannest ('West Gate') is the westernmost gate in the Rammas Echor , the enclosing wall around Minas Tirith. Remarks
• The Battle of the Pelennor Fields (" The Battle of the Fields of Pelennor "). It ends with the Rohirrim song that was sung to lament Théoden's death and explanations.
• The Pyre of Denethor ("Denethor's funeral pyre"). The narrative of Faramir's rescue from his father's stake and Denethor's death, with annotations.
• The Houses of Healing ("The Houses of Healing"). Here the events in the Houses of Healing are reported. Comments follow.
• The last Debate . First it is told about how Aragorn walked the paths of the dead and came to the stone of Erech, where he called the army of the dead, which he finally led to Pelargir (port of the royal ships), where they boarded ships. Then comes the actual debate, in which Gandalf calls on the leaders of the West to fight. So in the end they march to the Black Gate. The kings of Rohan are also listed below.
  • Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• The Black Gate opens ("The Black Gate opens"). A brief outline with comments follows.
• The second map with a detailed description and notes

Volume 9

Sauron Defeated: (The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part Four) ("Sauron Defeated: The Story of the Lord of the Rings , Part 4") continues the story of the Lord of the Rings to the end. It also contains an extensive treatise on the Adûnaï language.

• Foreword ("foreword")

The End of the Third Age

(Part one / Part 1 / "The End of the Third Age")

• The Story of Frodo and Sam in Mordor ("The Story of Frodo and Sam in Mordor") a short excursion from the first record of these events to the final version.
  • The chronology of writing ("A Chronology of Writing") with annotations
  • The rejected preliminary version of 'The March of Aragorn and defeat of the Haradrim' ("The rejected previous version of 'The March of Aragorn and the victory over the Haradrim'")
• The Tower of Kirith Ungol ("The Tower of Kirith Ungol") tells of the events in the tower after the crossing of Shelob's tunnel. It contains the song Sam sang there on the stairs when he couldn't find Frodo. Remarks
• The Land of Shadow reports on Frodo and Sam's journey to Mordor. Notes also on geography and chronological list of events
• Mount Doom (" Mount Doom "). Here follows the story of the destruction of the One Ring . Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• The Field of Kormallen ("The Field of Kormallen"). It tells of the great eagles and compares it to the task of the eagles in the First Age. Likewise of the rescue of Frodo and Sam by the eagles Gwaihir ('Wind Lord') and Landroval ('Broad-winged') and the subsequent praise of the hobbits by the people of Gondor and Rohan. The field of cormals does not appear in the entire text, but has only been inserted on the last page of the manuscript.
  • The Story Foreseen from Kormallen ("How the story of Kormallen continues") is added as a short preview.
• The Steward and the King ("The Stewardess and the King") contains the meeting of Faramir and Eowyn in the Houses of Healing and the handover of the city by Faramir to Aragorn, as well as his coronation. There are two versions of Aragorn's coronation song: “Et Earello Endorenna lendien. Simane maruvan, ar hildinyar, know 'Iluve-metta! "And" Et Earello Endorenna nilendie. Sinome nimaruva yo hildinyar tenn 'Ambar-metta! ", But both say:" From the great sea I came to Middle-earth. Here I will stay and stay, and so will my heirs, until the end of the world. ”Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Many Partings reports on the return journey of the hobbits and the separation from their friends who do not accompany them to the Shire. It ends when you arrive in Rivendell. Notes and explanations on the chronological sequence of events
• Homeward Bound tells the story of the rest of the way to the Shire. Remarks
• The Scouring of the Shire ("The Cleansing of the Shire"). Here follows the story of how the hobbits arrive with Gandalf in the Shire, where he separates from them. The country is now occupied by Saruman's henchmen, but they finally free it in the Battle of Bywater ("Battle of Wasserau"). Remarks
• The Gray Havens tells of Sam's wedding to Rosie and how he spreads the contents of the box he received from Galadriel in Lothlórien and thus ensures rich harvests in the following year; right up to the departure of the ring bearers from the gray castles
• The Epilogue in two versions
• Appendix: Drawings of Orthanc and Dunharrow ("Appendix: Drawings of Orthanc and Dunharg")

The Notion Club Papers

(Part two / Part 2 / "The Papers of the Thinkers' Club") A novella by JRR Tolkien about the stories of the Inklings ("Inkblots"), a small group of fantasy authors and scholars whose stories include those from The Lost Road resemble.

• Introduction ("Introduction")
• Foreword and List of Members ("Foreword and List of Members")
  • Beyond Probability or 'Out of the Talkative Planet' ("Beyond the Possible or 'Outside the Talkative Planet'")
  • Preface to the Inklings / The List of Members ("Foreword to the Inklings / The List of Members")

1. Michael George Ramer, Professor of Finno-Ugric Philology (the narrator, a professor of Finno-Ugric Philology)
2. Rupert Dolbear, Research Chemist. Nickname Compassionate Rufus (a philologist and chemist)
3. Nicholas Guildford, archaeologist. The Club reporter. (Archaeologist and club reporter)
4. Alwin Arundel Lowdham, Lecturer in English Language. Chiefly interested in Anglo-Saxon, Icelandic, and Comparative Philology, nickname Arry , (Lector in English. Main interests are Anglo-Saxon, Icelandic, and Comparative Philology)
5. Philip Frankley, the poet, is intolerant of all things Northern or Germanic (the poet, he rejects all things Germanic and Nordic things)
6. Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy, Lecturer in English Literature (lecturer in English literature, specializing in ghost stories and time travel)
7. James Jones, schoolmaster, journalist, and playwright (schoolmaster, journalist and playwright)
8. Dr. Abel Pitt, Bishop of Buckingham. Scholar, occasional poet (Bishop of Buckingham. Scholar and occasional poet)
9. Colombo Arditi, Professor of Italian, collects books and cats (Professor of Italian, he collects books and cats)
10. Dom Jonathan Markison, Polymath (universal scholar)
11. Sir Gerard Manface, Lawyer and Mountaineer (lawyer and mountain hiker)
12. Ranulph Stainer, expert in banking and economics (banking and economics expert)
13. Alexander Cameron, modern historian, specially interested in Spanish and South American history (modern historian, especially for Spanish and South American history)
14. John Jethro Rashbold, undergraduate, Classical scholar; apprentice poet. (student, classical scholar, poet apprentice)

• The Notion Club Papers Part One ("The Contributions Part 1")
  • Leaves from The Notion Club Papers begins on night 51 on November 16, 1986 (fictional date, you have to subtract at least forty years from here, since Tolkien had already died at that time. In the story The Notion Club Papers they are found in 2012 by a Mr. Howard Green in the basement of the Examination Schools at Oxford .) The narrative is largely written in dialogue form, as if one were in the group of members of the club. The meetings are held once a week and usually one of the members will tell a story they wrote themselves. It ends on night 61 (Thursday, February 27, 1987).
  • Detailed notes. Here Christopher Tolkien points out a curious correspondence between the events of history and later reality:

“The Great Storm of June 12th, 1987: my father's 'prevision' was only out by four months. The greatest storm in living memory struck southern England, causing vast damage, on October 16th, 1987. "

“The Great Storm of June 12, 1987: My father's 'forecast' deviates by only four months. The greatest storm that will be vividly remembered hit the south of England with devastating destruction on October 16, 1987. "

- Christopher Tolkien : The Notion Club Papers

• The Notion Club Papers Part Two ("The Contributions Part 2")
  • Continued on Night 62, Thursday March 6, 1987. Night 67 contains a poem The Death of Saint Brendan and the story of King Sheave . It ends on night 70, Thursday, October 2, 1987
  • Detailed notes. Here is another version of the poem about Saint Brendan called Imram.
• Major Divergences in Earlier Versions of Part Two ( "Significant deviations in earlier versions of Part 2")
  • The earlier versions of Night 66 ("The earlier version of Night 66") with annotations
  • The original version of Lowdham's 'Fragments' ( "The original version of Lowdhams fragments ") Night 67. This is a dream with fragments of words in the content Quenya as it already Alboin in The Lost Road had
  • The Earlier versions of Lowdham's 'Fragments' in Adunaic ( "The earlier version of Lowdhams fragments in Adûnaic") Night 67. The content is similar, but the text is in a dream Adûnaic
  • Earlier versions of Edwin Lowdham's Old English text ("The earlier version of Edwin Lowdham's Old English text "). The dream text is reproduced here in Old English.
  • The page preserved from Edwin Lowdham's manuscript written in Numenorean script contains copies of the story in Numenorean script, i.e. Tengwar characters.

See also : Tengwar

The Drowning of Anadûnê

(Part three / Part 3 / "The Fall of Anadûnê" 'Númenor')

• The third version of The Fall of Numenor ("The third version of the fall of Númenor") linked to the Lost Tales
  • The Last Tales. The Fall of Numenor. ("The Last Tales. The Fall of Númenors") with notes
• The original text of The Drowning of Anadune ("The Original Text ") with annotations
• The second text of The Drowning of Anadune ("The second text")
  • The Drowning of Anadune
  • Commentary on the second version (detailed "Commentary on the second version")
• The final form of The Drowning of Anadune ("The final form") is just a short text with extensive notes
• The theory of the work reports on elves, people and the eternal struggle between good and evil or shadow and light, as well as the origin of the elves, alps from Nordic mythology. In the notes, direct references to Europe and Asia are emphasized and the land of the awakening of the people is given as Mesopotamia .
• Lowdham's Report on the Adunaic Language (" Lowdham's Report on the Adunaic Language ")
  • Adunaic ("Adûnaic") contains comparisons between the roots of the languages ​​Adûnaic and Nimrian (language of the Westerners).
  • General Structure ("general structure")
  • Consonants ("consonants") and their pronunciation
  • The Adunaic Vowels ("The Adûnaic Vowels") initially only existed A, I, U and AI, AU
  • Various other forms or modifications occurred ("Different forms or modifications appeared"). So also prefix, suffix and the suppression of the stem vowel or the elongation, A-infixion (A-connection, A, AI, AU) and N-infixion (N-connection, AN, IN, UN)
  • Contact of vowels ("vowel-vowel contact") For example, 'u + a' becomes 'uwa' or 'i + u' becomes 'iyu'
  • Declension of nouns with some examples in tabular form
  • Masculine, Feminine, and Common Nouns ("masculine, feminine and neuter nouns")

Shortly after this entry, Lowdham's report ends, followed by a few footnotes, and a few more examples of declination from other Tolkien notes.

Volume 10

Morgoth's Ring: The Later Silmarillion, Part One ("The later Silmarillion") has the events from the beginning of time to the content, but there are also glimpses into the life and customs of the Elves.

The Legends of Aman, Foreword ("The Legends of Aman, Foreword")

Ainulindalë

(Part one / Part 1 / Ainulindalë) with an introduction.

• The Music of the Ainur and the Coming of the Valar ("The Music of the Ainur and the Coming of the Valar") is the version of the beginning of the world told by Pengolod the sage Ælfwine on Tol Eressea (Lonely Island). Compare → Volume 1. There are several drafts here.
  • Remarks
  • Commentary on the Ainulindale text C ("Commentary on the Ainulindale text C") here version B is compared with C.
  • Version D with a particularly beautiful title page partly in Tengwar characters
  • Commentary on the Ainulindale text D ("Commentary on the Ainulindalë Text D")

The Annals of Aman

(Part two / Part 2 / The Annals of Aman)

• First section of the Annals of Aman ("First section of the Annals of Aman") here tells Rumil of the coming of the Valar.
  • This is drawn from the work of Quennar Onotimo. Of the Beginning of Time and its Reckoning . ("This is taken from the work of Quennar Onotimo. From the beginning of time and the reckoning of time.")
  • The First Year of the Valar in Arda (" The First Year of the Valar in Aman") is structured chronologically. The calendar begins with the year of their arrival, the next event is in 1500 when Tulkas follows them to Arda, after having heard of the war against Melkor. 3400, the Valar live in Almaren (benediction), a small island in the primary continent, near the lamp Iluin (the silver-blue). 3450, Melkor destroys the lights Iluin and Ormal (gold light) and the continent falls apart. 3500, the Valar founded Valinor and built up the Pelóri (surrounding heights). The two trees of light are created with Yavanna's help.
  • Notes with different conversions for the dates. Initially, a Valian year (VJ) corresponds to 10 solar years (SJ). In the end, 3500 (VJ) is identical to 33530 (SJ), i.e. 1 (VJ) = 9.58 (SJ).
  • Commentary on the first section of the Annals of Aman .
• Second section of the Annals of Aman .
  • Here begins a new Reckoning in the Light of the Trees ("Here begins a new era in the light of the trees"). In the year 1000 in the year of the trees (JB) the Valar hold a council, thereupon Yavanna collects the light from Telperion (silvery) in the years 1000-1050 and forms the stars from it, finally the Valarkirka (sickle of the Valar), the constellation of the great bear. At that moment the elves wake up. In 1085 (35 JB corresponds to 335 SJ later) Orome discovers the Elves and calls them Eldar (star people), but they call themselves Quendi (the speakers). In 1099, after a long siege, Melkor's fortress Utumno was broken into and Melkor captured. Here ends the first battle of the west against the north.
  • Commentary on the second section of the Annals of Aman .
• Third section of the Annals of Aman .
  • The Chaining of Melkor ("The incarceration of Melkor") in 1100 (JB). In 1105 most of the Elves followed the call of the Valar and set out on a hike to Valinor. In 1115 they reach the great river that is later called Anduin. 1125 to 1128 they come to Beleriand. 1130 Elwe gets lost in the forest and meets the Maia Melian. 1133 is the year of the arrival of the first Elves in Aman. They are all Vanyar and many of the Noldor. The Teleri later come around 1150 together with Olwe, who now leads them instead of Elwe. The lonely island, Tol Eressea, is being built for the Teleri in the bay in front of Aman. 1162 Alqualonde, the swan port, is created.
  • Remarks
  • Commentary on the third section of the Annals of Aman (" Commentary on the third section of the Annals of Aman")
• Fourth section of the Annals of Aman ("Fourth section of the Annals of Aman")
  • The house of Finwe and its descendants. Feanor was born in 1179 as the first son of Finwe and Byrde Miriel, who passed away shortly afterwards. The first gems are processed into precious stones by elven smiths and Rumil invents the characters of the elves. 1190 Fingolfin is born, the son of Finwe and his second wife Indis. 1230 Finrod (later Finarfin), the son of Fingolfin, sees the light of day. In 1250 Feanor developed his own letters (the Feanórische script) and began to research the properties of gems (jewels). The first dwarves (Naugrim or Nornwaith) come across the Blue Mountains to Beleriand and make friends with the Elves there. In 1280 Finrod married the Teleri elf Earwen, the daughter of Olwes from Alqualonde. Finrod's children became relatives of King Thingol in Beleriand. In 1350 some of the Avari (rejecters, elves who did not go to Aman) came to Beleriand, their leader is Denethor. They become the green elves or wood elves of Middle-earth. They are friends of Thingol, reports Pengolod. 1400 Melkor protests that from now on he will only do good and is released from Mandos, but has to stay in Valinor. 1450 Feanor makes the Silmaril, also called the miracle of Aman. Between 1450 and 1490 Melkor began his intrigues, sowing doubts and fueling the discontent of the Noldor. In 1495 Melkor withdrew to Arvalin (outside of Valinor) and allied with Ungoliant. Together they destroy the two trees.
  • Remarks
  • Commentary on the fourth section of the Annals of Aman (" Commentary on the fourth section of the Annals of Aman")
• Fifth section of the Annals of Aman reports on Yavanna's request to Feanor the Valar to hand over the Silmaril, in which part of the light of the two trees is enclosed. But Feanor refuses. Melkor steals the Silmaril, kills Finwe and flees to Middle-earth.
  • Of the Speech of Feanor upon Tuna ("From the speech of Feanor on Mount Túna"). Here are the fateful words known as Feanor's Oath:

“This swear we all: death we will deal him ere Day's ending, woe unto world's end! Our word hear thou, Eru Allfather! To the everlasting Darkness doom us if our deed faileth. On the holy mountain hear in witness and our vow remember, Manwe and Varda! "

“We all swear this: we will bring death to him before the day ends, suffering until the end of the world. Hear our words, Eru Allfather! Doom us to perpetual darkness when our plan fails. On the holy mountain listen in wisdom and remember our oaths, Manwe and Varda! "

• • Of the First Kin-slaying and the Doom of the Noldor ("Of the first kinship murder and the dark fate of the Noldor") went down in history as the kinship murder of Alqualonde. In 1496 the Noldor stole the Teleri ships, many of which they killed and left Valinor. In 1497 they reach Middle-earth (Beleriand) and destroy the ships.
  • Remarks
  • Commentary on the fifth section of the Annals of Aman ("Commentary on the fifth section of the Annals of Aman")
• Sixth and last section of the Annals of Aman ("Sixth and last section of the Annals of Aman")
  • Of the Moon and the Sun. The Lighting of Endar, and the Hiding of Valinor ("Of the moon and the sun. The lighting of Middle-earth and the veiling of Valinor"). That is the end of the annals of Aman.
  • Remarks

The later Quenta Silmarillion

(Part three / Part 3 / The later stories of the Silmaril).

• The first phase ("The first phase") This is where the Silmarillion or the story of the Silmaril begins.
  • Of the Valar ("Von den Valar")
  • Of Valinor and the Two Trees ("Von Valinor and the Two Trees")
  • Of the Coming of the Elves ("From the Coming of the Elves")
  • Of Thingol and Melian ("Von Thingol and Melian")
  • Of Eldanor and the Princes of the Eldalië ("Of Elbenheim and the Princes of the Eldar")
  • Of the Silmarils and the Darkening of Valinor (" Of the Silmaril and the Darkening of Valinor ")
  • Of the Flight of the Noldor ("Von der Flucht der Noldor")
  • Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor ("Of the Sun and Moon and the Veiling of Valinor")
• The second phase. The sections are each provided with comments.
  • The Valaquenta ("The Valaquenta 'Sage of the Valar'")
  • The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel ("The first version of the story of Finwë and Míriel")
  • Laws and customs among the Eldar ("Laws and Customs of the Eldar")
    • Of the marriage laws and customs of the Eldar, their children, and other matters touching thereon ("On marriage, the laws and customs of the Eldar, their children, and other matters that touch them")
    • Of Naming ("From the names")
    • Of Death and the severance of Fea and Hroa ("On death and the separation of Fea 'soul' and Hroa 'body'")
    • Of Re-birth and other dooms of those that go to Mandos ("Of the rebirth and other fates of those who go to Mandos")
    • Of the severance of marriage ("From the divorce [by death]").
    • Remarks.
    • Version B with further explanations.
  • Later Versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel ("The later version of the story of Finwë and Míriel"), as it is in the Quenta Silmarillion .
    • Of Finwë and Míriel , with notes.
  • Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor ("Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor")
  • Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor ("Von den Silmaril und der Unrast der Noldor") with comments.
  • Of the Darkening of Valinor with comments on the further development and the final version.
  • Of the Rape of the Silmarils ("Vom Raub der Silmaril")
  • Of the Thieves' Quarrel and notes on the dates

Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth

(Part four / Part 4 / The Debate of Finrod and Andreth / The Debate between Finrod and Andreth) begins with an introduction. Finrod is here Finrod Felagund, the eldest son of Finarfin and a friend of the human race from the house of Beors, the old man. What follows is a family tree that extends to Beren Erchamion (the one-handed). Andreth is a wise woman from the Beors family who is very familiar with the fate of people.

• Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth . This debate is about the different fates of elves and humans, which were predetermined for them by Ilúvatar (Allfather / God). The immortality of the elves and the short lifespan of humans. Finrod Felagund is a guest in the house of Belemir, the son of Boron, the recently deceased leader of the Beornings. Andreth is Belemir's daughter and they meet there to mourn this loss.

So the discussion begins, as it were, with Finrod's words: “I am very saddened, Andreth, about the rapid passing of your people. And now Boron, your father's father, has gone too; and even if he was old, as you say, by human standards, I have known him far too briefly. It seems to me to be a very short period of time since I first saw Beor in the east of this country, but now he's gone, and so has his son and even his son's son. "

Andreth complains that people are mortal and that the shadow (threat from Melkor) weighs more heavily on them than on the elves, who were allowed to live in the blessed kingdom of Aman for long ages and cannot die from disease. But Finrod says that the fate of the people is not determined by the shadow, but was given by Eru Ilúvater. Andreth doubts this and claims that this was not the case from the start, but that Melkor influenced it. Finrod explains to her again that it is in her nature, and that this is exactly what Erus wants. Andreth says that Adanel (the wise woman from the Marach house) told her that people were not always short-lived, but were only condemned to be by the Dark Ruler. Finrod agrees with her on this point, because the elves in Middle-earth also feel that they are aging faster and becoming weaker, but that does not change their fate. But Andreth says that is not what she wanted to say, but rather: “We were neither made to die nor born to ever die. Death was brought upon us. ”And not even Aman's light could save them.

Finrod is very wise and he recognizes the crafty lies of Melkor that are hidden behind the words of Andreth. (To sow discord between humans and elves.) He explains to Andreth that 'death' in itself is not bad, but that this name only got a bad reputation through Melkor's actions. Many Elves would also have died trying to protect the children of Erus against Melkor. But Andreth throws in that it is not the same in spite of everything, because Elves can be reborn and live again on Arda, while humans cannot. No matter how good or bad, how strong, brave or weak and fragile a person is, in the end death always awaits him, Elves could avoid this fate. So Finrod asks her whether she is so discouraged and has no hope. But Andreth doesn't want to talk to him about it.

Finrod explains to her that the big difference between elves and humans is actually only the life span, because the elves are also destined to end, because their life is tied to the continuation of Arda. Thus the fate of the elves is also uncertain and without hope. Andreth is very astonished about this. And Finrod says that it is not necessarily easier to endure a long, difficult lot than when fate is fulfilled quickly. And he asks if she thinks Melkor caused people to become mortal. Andreth says yes. But Finrod explains that if that were the case, then all their efforts would actually be in vain, because if Melkor had the power to change the fate of an entire people, then the children of Erus would perish, and with them the Valar in Aman. And Andreth says that people have long known that the Nameless One (Melkor) is the ruler of the world. No, says Finrod, one shouldn't even pronounce such words. Because Eru is still the master of this world and not Melkor, whom he created himself. Manwe is its steward. And nobody but Eru himself would be able to change the lot of the people. He asks Andreth if she knew anything about the awakening of people and the time before they died.

Andreth doesn't know that. Finrod says that the Valar should know, but Andreth replies that the Valar have no interest in people. Finrod, however, thinks that the people are perhaps too powerful to be led by the Valar, because Eru gave them self-determination over their actions and thus a shorter life span. But Andreth insists that people were not made for death. They debate about the unity of body and mind and whether people come to earth almost only as guests and for a short time, which they always compare with another world where they once lived, before, as Andreth assumes, became mortal.

Finrod asks where these memories come from, which they seem to have had when they were born. But Andreth has no answer to that either. The debate turns to a new perspective, for now Finrod believes he realizes that the real time of man will not come until the creation of Arda as the Ainur saw it is completed. And he says: “So this, I say beforehand, was the mandate of men, not the followers, but the heirs and fulfillers of everything: to heal the martyrdom of Arda, already shadowy before they were conceived; and to do even more than agents of the omnipotence Erus: To expand the music and to outlast the vision of this world! […] That would not be the case if everything had been told to us in a preview before we entered! ”Because now Finrod has a new and hopeful vision in which the Elves will live happily ever after in a New World, and the people will live with them there.

So Finrod asks whether Andreth has no hope in the face of this knowledge, but she asks what hope means. Finrod explains that there are two Elvish words for hope, one is Amdir (confidence), the other is Estel (basic trust), which is based in the nature of all beings themselves. Andreth reports that the wise men suspect that one day (Eru / God) himself will enter Arda and heal the people and Arda himself. But she doubts it, because how can someone step into something that he himself has thought up? But Finrod says that Eru is omnipresent both inside and outside of it. Andreth replies that it is something else to be invisible but omnipresent or to be present in one's creation. Even Finrod has no explanation for this. But he asks Andreth if this prospect might offer her some consolation.

Then they turn to another topic, because Andreth loves Aegnor, Finrod's brother, and if the great battle against Melkor were not imminent, they would probably have become the first couple from a relationship between Elves and humans. It ends with Finrod leaving this place to go to the siege of Angband, in which Aegnor will also take part. Andreth's last words are these: “Will he be there, shiny and slim and the wind in his hair? Tell him. Tell him not to be too reckless. Not to seek danger without adversity! ”And Finrod replied:“ I want to tell him. But I would also like to advise you not to cry. He is a warrior, Andreth, and a spirit of anger. In every prank he deals, he sees the enemy who inflicted this pain on you long ago. ”And in the postscript:“ But you are not from Arda. Wherever you go you may find light. Wait for us there, my brother - and me. "

• Detailed remarks and comments follow.
• Author's Notes on the 'Commentary' including the 'Tale of Adanel' and other explanations
• Appendix: 'The Converse of Manwe and Eru' and later conceptions of Elvish reincarnation . ("Appendix: 'The Conversation of Manwe and Eru' and later concepts of Elvish reincarnation")

Myths transformed

(Part five / Part 5 / changed myths)

• From the Flat Earth as the Basis of Mythology and the Annals of Aman
• From the creation of the sun and moon
• What happened in Valinor after the Two Trees were destroyed
• About Varda and the stars
• Sun The Trees Silmarils ("Sun, the trees, Silmarils")
• Melkor Morgoth
• Notes on motives in the Silmarillion with explanations
• About the orcs and their creation
• Orcs part 2
• Orcs Part 3 related to the Orc language
• Aman and the slow aging of the world
• Aman and Mortal Men ("Aman and the Mortal Men ")
• Appendix: Synopsis of the Texts ("Appendix: List of Texts")

Volume 11

The War of the Jewels: The Later Silmarillion, Part Two ("The Battle for the Jewels: The Later Silmarillion, Part 2") is the sequel to Morgoth's Ring .

The Legends of Beleriand, Foreword ("The Legends of Beleriand, Foreword")

The Gray Annals

(Part one / Part 1 / the gray annals) are the records of the annals of Beleriand, as recorded by the Sindar (gray elves) of Doriath and the gray harbors. Complemented by the accounts of the Elves who survived the destruction of Nargothrond and Gondolin and gathered at the mouth of Sirion. The reports are structured chronologically and begin in 1050 (Valar year) when Melian came to Beleriand from Valinor. (Compare the information in Volume 10, the Annals of Aman). 1130 King Elwe Singollo (Elu Thingol), the leader of the Teleri, goes missing. 1150 Olwe leads a large part of the Teleri to Valinor. 1152 Elwe awakens from a kind of trance and returns with Melian from Nan Elmoth (Valley of the Darkness of Stars), where they gather the remains of his people around them. 1200 to 1250 At this time Lúthen is likely to be born and the power of Elwe and Melian spreads over all of Beleriand, so that the Elves are all called Sindar there. 1250 The dwarves come to Beleriand. 1300 Menegroth (Many Grottoes), the Thingols and Melians Hall is built. In 1330, orcs and other creatures from Melkor came to Beleriand. 1350 Denethor, one of the Telerielben, who was lost with his group on the long hike beyond the Ered Luin (Blue Mountains), reaches Beleriand and settles in Ossiriand (Land of the Seven Rivers). These elves are called nandor (wood elves) or green elves. 1497 Morgoth (Melkor) returned to Middle-earth.

• Of the Coming of the Noldor ("Vom Kommen der Noldor")
  • Excursus on the languages ​​of Beleriand (“A detour to the languages ​​of Beleriand”) with detailed notes

1498 Morgoth captures Maidros (son of Feanor). 1500 Fingolfin finally reached Beleriand with the rest of the Noldor after the long hike over the Helcaraxe. Here begins the age of the sun and moon year 1 (SJ = solar years). Fingolfin invades Beleriand in the light of the new moon. The new sun rises for the first time (in the west), and everywhere that Fingolfin's army appears, the flowers bloom, the seeds of which Yavanna had sown long ages ago. The people awaken and Morgoth covers his land (the north of Middle-earth) with dark clouds against the light of the sun. 5 Fingon frees Maidros from captivity with the help of Thorondor (King of the Eagles), whereby he has to cut off his right hand because he cannot destroy the chain. 6 Finrod is allowed to enter the kingdom of Elu Thingol because their clans are closely related, but Feanor's sons do not allow Thingol to do so because of the clan murder committed by them. 20 Fingolfin celebrates the Mereth Aderthad , the festival of the reunification of the Noldor. 50 Ulmo appears to Inglor (Finrod) and Turgon in a dream, and gives them messages. 52 Inglor and Galadriel live in Doriath, where Inglor learns from Thingol about the caves at Narog. 53 Ulmo reveals himself to Turgon and advises him to go alone to the mountains and to found Gondolin there in secret.

• The Third Battle , also known as Dagor Aglareb (Glorious Battle). 60 to 445 there is relative calm, Angband is besieged and Morgoth is making plans. Turgon leads its people to Gondolin and the city is expanded. Isfin (the white one), Turgon's sister, leaves Gondolin and marries Eol (the dark one) and they have a son named Maeglin. Between 370 and 390 the people Beor, Haleth (the hunter, later Haldad) and Hador are born.
• The fell year begins in 455 with the Dagor Bragollach (battle of the sudden fire) and the first appearance of Glaurung the dragon. Barahir (a person from the house of Beors) saves Inglor (Finrod Felagund) and as a thank you he is given a ring with the promise to help the people of his people in need. 456 Fingolfin fights Morgoth and dies. Thorondor saves his body before Morgoth can feed it to his wolves.
• In these sections the events of the Lay of Leithian , the Narn I Chîn Húrin and the fall of Gondolin (see Volume 2) are reported. 464 Beren comes to Doriath and Túrin is born. 470 Dior, the son of Lúthien and Beren, is born as the first of the half-elves (half-elf, half-human). 472 is the year of the fateful Nirnaeth Arnoediad (Battle of Countless Tears).
• Comments

The later Quenta Silmarillion

(Part two / Part 2 / the later Silmarillion)

• Of Men ("Von den Menschen")
• Of the Siege of Angband ("The Siege of Angband ")
• Of Beleriand and its Realms with detailed descriptions of the geography
• Of Turgon and the Building of Gondolin ("Of Turgon and the foundation of Gondolins")
• Concerning the Dwarves (" Concerning the Dwarves ")
  • Of the Naugrim [and] ("Of the Naugrim 'dwarfs'")
  • Of the Edain ("And the Edain 'people'")
• Of the Coming of Men into the West (" Of the Coming of Men into the West ")
  • Of the Coming of Men into the West and the Meeting of the Edain and the Eldar ("From the Coming of Men into the West and the Meeting of Men and Eldar 'High Elves'")
  • Of the Kindreds and Houses of the Edain ("Of the relationships between the houses of the Edain")
  • Summary of important changes to names and comments
  • The new genealogies of the Edain ("The new lineage of the Edain")
    • The House of Beor ("Das Haus Beor")
    • The House of Hador ("Das Haus Hador")
    • The Haladin ("The Haladin or the House of Haldad or later the House of Haleth")
• Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin ("Vom Ruin Beleriands and the Fall of Fingolfin")
• The Last Chapters of the Quenta Silmarillion ("The Last Chapters of the Quenta Silmarillion")

The Wanderings of Hurin

(Part three / Part 3 / Húrin's wanderings) tells of the events after Húrin was released by Morgoth, after Húrin had seen all the suffering that had been inflicted on his family. For example, Túrin's and Nienor's hard fate and their death.

• The Wanderings of Húrin . It starts in the year 500 (SJ); Húrin is set free. 501 he reaches Nargothrond and searches for the Hidden City of Gondolin. A short step backwards follows, the story starts again in the year 490 with detailed descriptions.
• Remarks
• Some loose pages on the same topic
• Ælfwine and Dírhavel ("Ælfwine and Dírhavel" ('the trustworthy')), Dírhavel is a poet of the people who is said to have written the Narn I Chîn Húrin .
  • Turin Turumarth ("Turin, the vanquisher "), as Ælfwine wrote down the story with notes.
• Maeglin , a detailed account of Maeglin and his father Eol with annotations.
• Of the Ents and the Eagles is just a short text with notes.
• The Tale of Years contains several chronological lists of events.
• A note on Chapter 22 Of the Ruin of Doriath in the published Silmarillion ("A note on Chapter 22 of the Ruin of Doriath in the published form of the Silmarillion")

Quendi and Eldar

(Part four / Part 4 / Quendi and Eldar)

• Quendi and Eldar ( Speakers and Star People)
  • A. The principal linguistic elements Concerned ( "The most important linguistic elements concerning")
  • B. Meanings and use of the various terms applied to the Elves and their varieties in Quenya, Telerin, and Sindarin ("Meaning and use of the various terms related to the Elves and their differences in Quenya, Telerin and Sindarin")
  • C. The Clan-names, with notes on other names for divisions of the Eldar ("The names of the clans, with references to other names for the clans of the Eldar")
  • Appendix A. Elvish names for Men ("Appendix A. Elvish names for men")
  • Appendix B. Elvish names for the Dwarves ("Appendix B. Elvish names for the dwarves")
  • Appendix C. Elvish names for the Orcs ("Appendix C. Elvish names for the Orcs")
  • Appendix D. * Kwen, Quenya, and the Elvish (especially Noldorin) words for 'Language' ("Appendix D. * Kwen, Quenya and the Elvish (especially Noldorin) words for 'language'")
• Note on the 'Language of the Valar' ("Note on the 'Language of the Valar'")
  • The examples that Pengolodh gives are as follows (" The examples that Pengolod gives below") annotated by Pengolod
• Author's Notes to Quendi and Eldar (" Author's Notes to Quendi and Eldar")
• Editorial Notes ("Editor's Notes ")
• Appendix ("Appendix")
  • The legend of the Awaking of the Quendi 'Cuivienyarna' ("The legend of the Awaking of the Quendi")

Volume 12

The Peoples of Middle-earth deals with the origin of the appendices to the Lord of the Rings, the origin of the dwarves or with Glorfindel, but also with the change of the Elven languages ​​over time. It also contains two unfinished stories belonging to the mythology of Middle-earth.

Foreword ("foreword")

Note on the text ("Notes on the text")

The Prologue and the Appendices

( to the Lord of the Ring / Part one / Part 1 / the foreword and the appendices of the Lord of the Rings).

• The Prologue, with examples of text changes and comments.
• The Appendix on Languages . It's also about the language in which the Hobbit or the Lord of the Rings was written by Bilbo and Frodo, with explanations.
  • The Languages ​​at the end of the Third Age (" The Languages ​​at the End of the Third Age ")
  • On Translation ("To the translations")
  • Family names ("family names" (of the hobbits))
  • Hobbit (word meaning)
  • Personal names ("first names"). Here follows a section on the people of Rohan and some of their names, since the hobbits' language is said to be related to Rohirrish.
  • Notes and Comments
  • Note on to unpublished letter ( "Notes on an unpublished letter")
  • Other languages ​​and characters (the section does not have its own heading) with further comments
• The Family Trees ("family trees ")
  • Baggins of Hobbiton ("The Baggins of Hobbiton ")
  • Bolger of Budgeford ("The Bolgers from Balgfurt")
  • Boffin of the Yale or Northope ("The Boffins from Yale or Nordhobbingen")
  • Brandybuck of Buckland ("The Brandybuck from Bockland")
  • Took of Great Smials ("The Tuks from Great Smials")
  • The Longfather-tree of Master Samwise ("The Longfather Branch of Master Samwise")
  • Remarks
• The Calendars ("The Calendars"). Overview of the Shire and Bree calendars.
  • The Calendar (the structure of the calendar)
  • New Era (“ New Era ”) from the beginning of the Fourth Age, especially in Gondor with annotations.

→ Main article : Calendar in Tolkien's mythology

• The History of the Akallabêth ("The History of Akallabêth"), the fall of Númenor.
  • Second Age ("Second Age") beginning with Elros Tar Minyatur (First King) by Númenor
  • Note on the marriage of Miriel and Pharazon ("Notes on the marriage of Miriel and Pharazon")
  • More information
• The Tale of Years of the Second Age (" The Tale of the Years of the Second Age ")
  • Time Scheme (" Time Scheme ")
  • Of the Tale of Years in the latter ages ("From the tales of the newer ages"). Basically only deals with the ages after the awakening of humans. It is divided into two sections with similar content with the respective time tables.
  • Remarks
• The Heirs of Elendil ("The Heirs of Elendil"). A summary of the annals from the Book of Kings and the Role of Governors of Gondor.
  • The Heirs of Elendil ("The Heirs of Elendil")
  • The Northern Line of Arnor: the Isildurioni ("The Northern Line of Arnor: the Isildurians")
  • The Chieftains of the Dunedain ("List of the leaders of the Dunedain of the North")
  • The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni ("The Southern Line of Gondor: The Anarioner")
  • The Ruling Stewards of Gondor (" The Ruling Stewards of Gondor")
  • Comments
  • The Stewards of Gondor ("The Stewardess of Gondor")
  • The Line or the House of Dol Amroth ("The Line or the House of Dol Amroth")
• The Tale of Years of the Third Age
  • Of the History of the Third Age little is known (" Little is known about the history of the Third Age"). A short chronicle.
  • The Third Age ("The Third Age"). Detailed description with notes.
  • Note on changes made to the manuscript of the Tale of Years (Notes on the changes in manuscript T4).
    • The Stoors ("Die Starren" (a hobbit people))
    • Saruman
    • Gollum
    • The return of Sauron to Mordor ("The return of Sauron to Mordor")
    • The Dwarves ("The Dwarfs")
• The Making of Appendix A ("How Appendix A was created")
  • The Realms in Exile ("The Realms in Exile" (in Middle-earth))
  • The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen ("The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"). The detailed description of how Aragorn came to live in Imladris for eighteen years without meeting Arwen there. How they met there shortly after his twentieth birthday and other interesting reports from Aragorn's life. Remarks.
  • The House of Eorl ("The House of Eorl"). About Eorl the Boy and the Eorlingas or the Rohirrim. Cirion's oath, the founding of Rohan, and the list of kings of Rohan. Remarks.
  • Durin's Folk (" Durin's People"). From the dwarfs. Full accounts and notes on the dwarves of Durin's people.
    • Note on the date of the Quest of Erebor ("Notes on the Date of the Erebor Adventure")

Late Writings

(Part two / Part 2 / later recordings)

• Introduction to the texts dated after 1967
• Of Dwarves and Men . Here it is first about the language of the dwarves, which the Vala Aule developed especially for them. It is therefore not related to the language of the Quendi (Elves). Dwarves do not teach their own language to any other race, they have made very few exceptions to this rule. They themselves are able to learn other languages ​​quickly, which is why they usually use the common language of Middle-earth (the Westron) or the language of the Elves (Sindarin). Then the friendship between dwarfs and humans is reported, as it ruled for example in Thal (a city of the northern people) and the dwarfs from Erebor (lonely mountain, especially known from the Hobbit ). The names that the dwarves give themselves in public come from the language of the northern people, as they call themselves in their own language, the Khuzdul , is only known to their own people. Their script is derived from the Elvish runes, the Cirth , as used in the book of Mazarbul (book hall).
  • Relations of the Longbeard Dwarves and Men . The fathers of the dwarfs that Aule created were seven. Therefore there are also seven dwarf families, including the fire beards, iron fists, hard beards, black curls and stone feet. They all have long beards in common. Their trade relations with the people are reported here.
  • The Atani and their Languages , is a section on the dialects of the people, especially those of the three peoples who come to Beleriand and make friends with the Elves there. But there are also reports about the Drúedain (wild people or humping men). Detailed comments follow.
• The Shibboleth of Fëanor ("The distinguishing feature of Feanors") or the modification of the language by Feanor.
  • The case of the Quenya change of Þ to s . (“The process of changing from Quenya Þ to s”). Miriel, Feanor's mother is also called Þerinde (the embroiderer). When she is the first of the Elves to die of physical weakness (as one of the immortals in the immortal land of Aman), and Feanor's father, Finwe, remarries, Feanor is very upset. Out of love for his mother and jealousy of his half-siblings, he changes the 'Þ' of their name to 'S' as a sign of his parentage. Hence the name now becomes Serinde .
  • Note on Mother-names . In Valinor it is customary to give the elf children two essi (names), the father's name (often a modification of the father's name) and a mother's name, which says something about the nature or character of the child. In addition, an Elf can also have an Epesse (surname or honorary name) or a Kilmesse (chosen name).
  • The names of Finwe's descendants ("The names of Finwe's descendants"). It begins by deriving the names of the leaders of the three houses of the Elves. Ingwe (first being), the prince of Vanya (beautiful) and high king of all elves, Finwe (fine being or fine-haired being), the leader of the Noldor (skillful) Elwe (star beings) and Olwe (dream beings or plant beings), the leaders of the Teleri (last).
  1. Finwe and Míriel (the radiant or jewel-like): This is followed by the names of Feanor, who is first called Finwe Minya (First Finwe), but later Kurufinwe, Curufinwe or Curufin for short (Smarter and Clever Finwe). His mother's name was Feanáro (fire spirit, from Fea = spirit and -nar = fire and -o = from), but he was usually called with his sindarinized name Feanor. (The correct form here in Sindarin would be Faenor from Fae = spirit and -nor = fire).
  2. Finwe and Indis (woman from the first, i.e. from Ingwe's people): Your daughters are Findis (subtle woman), this is a hybrid of Fin (-we) and (In-) dis and Írime or Íriën (the desirable or clever ). Her mother's name was Lalwende (the laughing maiden).
  3. The sons were Fingolfin (Feingeschickter Finwe), who was also called Nolofinwe (Weiser Finwe), Finarfin (Feinobliger Finwe) and Arafinwe (Royal Finwe).
  4. Fingolfin's children: Findekano (Fine Leader), Turukano (Courageous Leader), Arakano (Royal Leader) in Sindarin they are called Fingon, Turgon and Argon. His daughter is Írisse (the coveted or clever), who was also called Faniël or (S.) Ar-Feiniel (the white lady). The meaning of the name is very similar to Arwen (high or noble woman).
  5. The children of Finarfins: Findarato Ingoldo (the sensitive, learned leader), but the name also means 'noble finwe', like that of his father. He is the most famous and beloved son of the Finarfin family. Angarato (iron hero), Aikanaro (fire lance) and the daughter Nerwende Artanis (high born man maiden, Nerwen is made up of Ner = man and -wende = woman, Artanis from Arta = high, sublime and nisse = woman.), With the nickname Alatariel (The light shined or crowned with glory). The Sindarin names are Finrod, Angrod, Aegnor and Galadriel. The names Findarato and Angarato are Telerin , as their mother Indis came from the Teleri.
  • The parentage of Gil-galad ("The Descent of Gil-galad"). First, Gil-galad is given as the son and Galadriel as the daughter of Finrod Felagund. The name Finrod has also been in use for a long time for his father Finarfin in different designs. The Gray Annals also report that Felagund did not have a wife, hence no children. Gil-galad may be the son of Angrod or Orodreth, who grew up in Finrod's house and was adopted by them. But the actual ancestry remains unclear.
  • The Dwarvish origin of the name Felagund ("The Dwarf Origin of the Name Felagund"). Here the root of this name, which comes from the Khuzdul, is discussed . (The word felakgundu comes from felak = tool for stone processing, i.e. ax, pick or pointed hammer and gundu = underground hall.)
  • The names of the sons of Feanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod ("The names of the sons of Feanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod"). The following is a list of the names of Feanor's sons and their sometimes fateful meanings.
  • Detailed notes
• The Problem of Ros ("The Problem with Ros"). In the last years of his life, Tolkien was particularly concerned with the historical correctness and the etymology of the names used in his story. Since they were so present in his published works, there were, for example, the complications with the names Elros, Elrond and Amros. They reflect the name of their mother Elwing. Elros means something like 'stardust' or 'sea foam illuminated by the starlight'. Elrond means star vault. But the name Amros, for one of Feanor's sons, has the ending -ros. With El-ros, ROS means spray, dust, with Amros, however, the color red, i.e. more rusty red and refers to the hair color. Detailed comments follow.
• Last Writings ( "Recent documents")
  • Of Glorfindel, Cirdan, and other matters ("Of Glorfindel, Cirdan, and other things")
    • Glorfindel (the golden-haired one). The point here is whether Glorfindel from Gondolin can actually be the same Elbe as Glorfindel from Rivendell (Imladris / Rivendell). Because he died after the fall of Gondolins fighting a Balrog. Glorfindel also prophesied that the Witch King (from Angmar, in the Lord of the Rings) could not be killed by the hand of a man.
    • The five wizards ("The five magicians"). A short section on their arrival, roles and actions in Middle-earth.
    • Cirdan (the skipper or shipbuilder). It is said of him that he could see deeper and further into the future than even Elrond, Galadriel or Celeborn. He belonged to the Teleri and was responsible for protecting the western Elven ports in Middle-earth.
    • Remarks.

The Teachings of Pengolod

(Part three / Part 3 / the teachings of Pengolod)

• Dangweth Pengoloð ( Pengolod's answers) to the questions: Manen lambe Quendion ahyane? ; how and why the elven language changed and Mana i-coimas Eldaron? ; where the lembas (bread of life of the elves) come from. The headline to the original text reads: ›Dangweth Pengolod the Answer of Pengolod to Ælfwine who asked him how came it that the tongues of the Elves changed and were sundered.‹ (Pengolod's answers, which he gave Ælfwine to the question how it to the change of the Elven languages.) It ends with the words: Sin Quente Quendingoldo Elendilenna (This is how Quendingoldo spoke 'Pengolod, the scholar of the Noldor' to Elendilenna 'Ælfwine, the friend of the elves').
• Remarks
• Of Lembas ("About the Lembas"), explanations of the Elves' bread of life with notes.

Unfinished tales

(Part four / Part 4 / unfinished stories)

• The new Shadow ("The New Shadow"). This is the beginning of a new tale that begins in the Fourth Age, in the days of Eldarion, son of Aragorn (King Elessar Telcontar). About 150 years after the end of the War of the Ring, a new shadow appears over Middle-earth. The story of the struggle between good and evil begins again.
  • Detailed notes
• Tal-Elmar (valley from the starry home or valley of the starry light?) No translation is given here, the name probably comes from the language of the wild people of Middle-earth, who lived there in the second age. Númenor had not sunk yet and some of the ships that sailed east from this island reached Anfalas (long beach) where their crew went ashore. The story of this occupation is told from the perspective of these human races. Tal-Elmar is the name of a young wild man who comes from a large family, he has sixteen siblings and his father is called Hazard Longbeard (dangerous long beard). Most of his family are dark-skinned, almost black, only Tal-Elmar is light-skinned and less irascible than the rest of the family. It is also called a flint-eye because a glint in its eyes reveals its inner anger before it breaks out. It's about the conflict between these two races of people. The Númenórer as a ruling race and the wild people as inferior. A plague epidemic is also reported. The story ends with Tal-Elmar offering himself as a hostage and being brought onto one of the Númenór ships. But as a footnote there is a small reference to parts of the story that should be added: "Tal-Elmar", "Tal-Elmar in Rhovannion", "Wilderland", "Anduin the Great River", "Sea of ​​Rhun", and "Ettenmoors". (Tal-Elmar in Wilderland, on the great river Anduin, the lake of Rhun and in the Ettenmooren.)
  • Remarks

Editions and literature

English editions

• JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Tales Part I. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1983, ISBN 0-261-10222-2 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Tales Part II. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1983, ISBN 0-261-10214-1 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Lays of Beleriand. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1985, ISBN 0-04-823277-7 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Shaping of Middle-Earth. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1986, ISBN 0-261-10218-4 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Lost Road and Other Writings. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1987, ISBN 0-261-10225-7 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Return of the Shadow. George Allen & Unwin (HarperCollins), London 1988, ISBN 0-04-440669-X .
• JRR Tolkien: The Treason of Isengard. HarperCollins, London 1992, ISBN 0-261-10220-6 .
• JRR Tolkien: The War of the Ring. HarperCollins, London 1992, ISBN 0-261-10223-0 .
• JRR Tolkien: Sauron Defeated. HarperCollins, London 1992, ISBN 0-261-10240-0 .
• JRR Tolkien: Morgoth's Ring. HarperCollins, London 1993, ISBN 0-395-68092-1 .
• JRR Tolkien: The War of the Jewels. HarperCollins, London 1994, ISBN 0-261-10324-5 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Peoples of Middle-earth. HarperCollins, London 1997, ISBN 0-261-10348-2 .
• JRR Tolkien: The History of Middle-earth Index. HarperCollins, London 2002, ISBN 0-00-713743-5 .

German editions

• JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Stories. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-608-93521-5 .
• JRR Tolkien: Feanor's Curse. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-08586-X .
• JRR Tolkien: Tuor and his arrival in Gondolin. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-08588-6 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Story of the Children of Húrin. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-08587-8 .
• JRR Tolkien: News from Middle-earth. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-423-20845-7 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Stories Part 1. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-608-93061-0 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Stories Part 2. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-608-93062-7 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Silmarillion. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-608-93245-4 .
• JRR Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-608-93830-2 .
• JRR Tolkien: Beren and Lúthien. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-10888-0 .

Web links

• The History of Middle-earth on ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de
• Detailed table of contents on forodrim.org
• Die Inklings ( Memento of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 189 kB), a lecture by Helmut W. Pesch on the small writers' association mentioned in Volume 9, section The Notion Club Papers , and the actually existed when the "Inklings" (ink blots) existed in Oxford .
• The Fourth Age ( Memento of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 130 kB), a lecture by Helmut W. Pesch, Section V. The New Shadow , supplementary content to Volume 12.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ JRR Tolkien: The Book of Lost Stories. Part 1, p. 109.
2. ↑ Timpinen was one of the few elves who had a beard. He was a gifted flute player and was Tinfang , Radio Bart 'or Warble (Engl. Warble , warble') called.
3. ↑ The names of the leaders are given here as Isil Inwe (later Inwe Inweron), Finwe Nóleme (Finwe, the father of Feanor) and Tinwe Linto (later Elwe Singollo, the father of Tinúviels). Page 136.
4. ↑ It is mentioned here that there was a direct relationship between the village of Tavrobel and the village of Great Haywood in Staffordshire . Page 225, note 2.
5. ↑ This part of the story is printed here in two very similar versions. Volume 2, pp. 11-14.
6. ↑ Here the earlier names of the most important people in history are used: Tinwelint / Tinwe Linto is the Elf Elwe Singollo / Elu Thingol and Wendelin / Gwendeling is Maia Melian, Tinúviel's mother.
7. ↑ Beren is still one of the gnomes (Noldor Elves), the son of Egnor the Ranger.
8. ↑ Celebration for the winter solstice (the time of collecting wood in Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva, later used for Christmas, also called Turuhuine Firewood Night. Volume 1, pp. 296–297, entry Turuhalme = Julfest, Julnacht.)
9. ↑ Mithrim is the name for the gray elves (gray people, fog people or stray people), as well as for the area, the lake and a mountain range in Beleriand, all of which were far to the north and were dark, mysterious and foggy.
10. ↑ Are the parents of Maeglin. Isfin is the sister of King Turgon and Eol is an elf from Nan Elmoth who was a famous blacksmith.
11. ^ The Lost Road and Other Writings. Commentary on Chapters I and II.
12. ↑ Many of the northern royal families derive their ancestors from King Sheave. There are three early sources for this: Beowulf and two Latin statements by later chroniclers, namely Æthelweard (who died around the year 1000) and William of Malmesbury (died 1143). The Lost Road. Comment following the ballad Ælfwines.
13. ^ The History of The Lord of the Rings. Part Two, Gandalf's delay.
14. ^ The History of The Lord of the Rings. Part Three, The Choices of Master Samwise.
15. ^ The History of Middle-earth. Sauron Defeated, Notes on 'The Notion Club Papers Part One'.
16. ↑ Miriel's death and Finwe's marriage to the Indians are not mentioned here.
17. ↑ For the content of this story, see also: The Fourth Age ( Memento of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 130 kB) Section V. The new shadow.