Thelephora ganbajun
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Thelephora ganbajun |
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| Thelephora ganbajun | ||||||||||||
| M. Zang |
Thelephora ganbajun is a type of mushroom from the family of the wart fungus relatives (Thelephoraceae). It isvaluedas an edible mushroom in the Chinese province of Yunnan .
features
Macroscopic features
Thelephora ganbajun forms fruit bodies 5–14 cm high and 4–14 cm wide. They grow grassy and are clubbed and branched in many ways. They are tufted with a thick trunk, narrowly fanned, ascending branches and twigs. They are gray-white or gray-black. The trunk measures 2–2.5 × 2.5–4 cm and is not hairy, has no ring and has no root. A single branch is 2–2.5 cm high and 2.5–4.5 cm wide and 0.2–0.4 cm thick, from here they are connected to each other. The branches are 3–9 cm high, 0.5–2 cm wide and branched many times or dichotomously . The lower fruit layer is grayish-white or gray-soot-brown when dry. The smell and taste are pleasant.
Microscopic features
The angular, prickly spores are 7–12 µm long and 6–8 µm wide. They have a drop of oil, but they are not amyloid . The basidia are elongated, club-like and multi-dotted. They are 25–35 µm high and 9–12 µm wide. The sterigms , i.e. the outgrowths of the basidia on which the spores are located, are 3–8 µm long, quite robust and 1.5–2 µm wide at the base. The cystids are clubbed to bulbous and measure 52–80 × 7–14 µm. The hyphae are 4-6.5 µm wide, buckled , hyaline, and tortuous.
ecology
Thelephora ganbajun lives as a mycorrhizal fungus on various pines , it is particularly associated with Pinus yunnanensis . But it is also found under Pinus kesiya , more rarely under Keteleeria evelyniana , the spit fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) and in the mixed forest.
distribution
Thelephora ganbajun is widespread in the Chinese province of Yunnan over the entire Kunming Plateau, mostly between 800 and 2200 m above sea level.
meaning
Thelephora ganbajun , called Ganbajun , Songmajun or Xiuqiujun in Chinese , is edible in contrast to other wart mushrooms . It is intensively collected in the Chinese province of Yunnan because of its good taste. It is collected in late June through early September and prices range from $ 120 to $ 200. Approximately 10,000 tons of Thelephora ganbajun are harvested annually across the province . As the fungus as obligate mycorrhizal fungus is difficult or impossible to be cultivated, sustainable forest management as Pruning is the crown shade and watering after harvest important.
In addition to its culinary value, it is also important in folk medicine and pharmacy: its high proportion of aminophenols is used to produce paracetamol . In industrial fermentation there are attempts to use it for selenium enrichment . Its formation of antioxidants and phenolic substances such as protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid are known.
Systematics
Thelephora ganbajun has long been known in Yunnan, but was previously confused with the frilled mother hen . Mu Zang was the first to describe the species in 1987. It is presumably closely related to Thelephora robusta .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Zang M .: Some new and noteworthy higher fungi from eastern Himalayas . In: Acta Botanica Yunnanica . tape 9 , 1987, pp. 81-88 ( abstract ).
- ↑ a b c d e Mortimer, PE, Karunarathna, SC, Li, Q., Gui, H., Yang, X., Yang, X., He J., Ye, L., Guo, J., Li H ., Sysouphanthong, P., Zhou, D., Xu, J., Hyde, KD: Prized edible Asian mushrooms: ecology, conservation and sustainability . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 56 , 2012, p. 31-47 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-012-0196-3 .
- ↑ Zhang, P., Luo, X.-Y., Wu, Y., Chen, Y.-M., Xu, W.-J. and Yi, X.-X .: Optimization of submerged fermentation of Thelephora ganbajun zang . In: Journal of Basic Microbiology . tape 54 , 2014, p. 866–872 , doi : 10.1002 / jobm.201200757 .
- ↑ Ya-Jun Guo, Gui-Fang Deng, Xiang-Rong Xu, Shan Wu, Sha Li, En-Qin Xia, Fang Li, Feng Chen, Wen-Hua Ling, Hua-Bin Li: Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds and polysaccharide contents of 49 edible macro-fungi. Food Funct. 2012, 3, 1195-1205. In: Food & Function . tape 3 , 2012, p. 1195-1205 , doi : 10.1039 / C2FO30110E ( online ).