Keteleeria evelyniana
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Keteleeria evelyniana |
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Keteleeria evelyniana is a conifer fromthe pine family (Pinaceae). Its distribution area is in China, Laos and Vietnam and has a large extension in north-south direction. Therefore the environmental conditions vary greatly from temperate to almost tropical. Keteleeria evelyniana is one of the few species of the pine family (Pinaceae) that occurs in tropical-like conditions.
description
Keteleeria evelyniana is a tree that can reach a height of 30 to 40 meters and a chest height diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 meters. The trunk is straight, the trunk bark of older trees is dark gray-brown, rough and scaly. The branches of the first and second order are long and curved, branches near the tip are ascending. The crown is broadly conical and becomes irregular in older trees. The twigs are thin, firm, reddish brown or yellowish brown and later turn grayish brown. Young twigs can be slightly hairy. Leaf scars are small and round. The resinless leaf buds are ovate, rounded to ovate, conical, 4 to 6 millimeters long and 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. The bud scales are triangular, blunt, pressed and dull brown. They are retained for several years.
Needles
The needles are usually arranged in a comb-like manner, on terminal shoots they are also directed forward. They are 2 to 8, usually 3 to 6.5 inches long and 2 to 4 millimeters wide. They are slightly twisted or thinner towards the base, flat, linear, often curved in a sickle shape and lanceolate in young trees or in thickets. They are prickly, rarely the tip is blunt or pointed in young plants. The top of the needle is light or dark green and shows several lines of stomata near the midrib. The underside has two greenish-white stomata bands that are separated by the central rib.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones are stalked, 1.0 to 1.5 inches long, yellow with brown scales. The seed cones stand individually and upright on the side of the branches on 2 to 6 centimeter long stems. Fully developed cones are 9 to 20 centimeters long (rarely from 4 to 25 centimeters) and, when the scales are open, have a diameter of 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters (rarely from 3 to perhaps 9 centimeters). They are cylindrical, have a blunt tip and are light brown to brown when fully mature and often shiny. The seed scales are 3 to 4 inches long and 2.5 to 3 inches wide, approximately heart-shaped, elongated with a converging tip and a more or less concave edge. The outside is furrowed and bare. The cover scales are 1.0 to 1.5 centimeters long, straight, tongue-shaped to spatulate with a sharply pointed or triple lobed tip.
The seeds are elongated, 9 to 14 millimeters long, 5 to 7 millimeters wide and dull brown. The seed wing is 20 to 30 millimeters long and 12 to 15 millimeters wide and shiny yellowish brown.
Pollination takes place in April and May, the cones ripen in October.
Distribution and ecology
The distribution area of Keteleeria evelyniana is in China on Hainan , in southwest Sichuan and Yunnan , Laos and Vietnam. They are found there in mountainous areas at altitudes of 700 to 2700 meters, although the species is rarely found above 2000 meters. It usually grows on red soil (China and Laos). The climate is tropical to temperate at higher altitudes, often with annual rainfall of over 2000 millimeters. In Yunnan and in the north of Laos one meets the species together with the spit fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ), with different stone slices ( Podocarpus ), with Fortune's head yew ( Cephalotaxus fortunei ), various representatives of the beech family (Fagaceae), the laurel family (Lauraceae) and the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). Keteleeria evelyniana is one of the few species of the pine family (Pinaceae) that occurs in almost tropical surroundings.
In the Red List of the IUCN is keteleeria evelyniana specified as not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern"). It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary. In Vietnam it is considered endangered because it has been overused because of the wood and large parts of the original range are used for agriculture. Some deposits are now protected and use is regulated by the government. The situation is likely to be similar in China, but there are even larger deposits in Sichuan and Yunnan. The situation in Laos is unknown.
Systematics
Keteleeria evelyniana is a species from the genus Keteleeria , which belongs to the pine family (Pinaceae). Two other species are assigned to the genus. The species was first described in 1903 by the English doctor and botanist Maxwell T. Masters in the London journal Gardeners' Chronicle . The specific epithet evelyniana honors the English horticulturist, architect and author John Evelyn . There are no varieties.
use
The wood is used in the distribution area as construction wood and firewood. Keteleeria evelyniana was brought to England by the Scottish botanist George Forrest and to America by the Austro-American botanist Joseph Francis Rock , but it is rarely found mostly in arboretums and botanical gardens .
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 474-475 .
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Keteleeria evelyniana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved November 24, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , p. 475
- ↑ Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven: Keteleeria evelyniana . In: Flora of China . tape 4 . Missouri Botanical Garden, 1999, ISBN 978-0-915279-70-8 , pp. 43 ( online [accessed November 24, 2011]).
- ↑ Keteleeria evelyniana in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed November 24, 2011th
- ^ Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , p. 472
- ↑ Keteleeria evelyniana. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed November 24, 2011 .
- ^ Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , p. 474